During typhoon events, wind damage to trees in urban areas may have various adverse impacts on urban functions and cause direct and indirect economic losses. To realize the near real-time prediction of wind damage to urban trees, this study proposes a high-efficiency simulation framework by coupling computational fluid dynamics and mechanistic tree damage modeling. The proposed framework involves four key steps: modeling effects of trees on urban airflow, constructing a scenario bank, near real-time predicting urban airflow, and simulating wind-induced tree damage. The accuracy and efficiency of the methods used in each step are validated. A real-world, complex urban area in Beijing, China, namely the Tsinghua University campus, is used as a case study to showcase the workflow. A user-friendly program, THU-NEWDRT, is developed to help managers efficiently evaluate the wind-induced damage risk of campus trees. Finally, a set of hypothetical strong wind events are used to exemplify the practicality of the proposed framework.