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Benthic scavenger community composition and carrion removal in Arctic and Subarctic fjords
Polar Biology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02773-5
K. Dunlop , P. E. Renaud , J. Berge , D. O. B. Jones , R. P. Harbour , A. H. S. Tandberg , A. K. Sweetman

In high latitude coastal regions, benthic scavenger communities are largely composed of invertebrates that play a key role in the cycling of organic matter. Factors including temperature and depth can structure Arctic and Subarctic fjord benthic communities, but the response of scavenging communities to these factors is poorly known. To address this, we compared scavenging fauna in eight fjords with different physical characteristics in Svalbard and northern Norway using time-lapse imagery of scavengers consuming Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) bait. Fjords influenced by relatively warm Atlantic waters, both in Norway and Svalbard, had high scavenger richness. However, Svalbard fjords with negative bottom temperatures had the lowest species richness and were dominated by lysianassoid amphipods and ophiuroids. In these cold Svalbard fjords, the mean carrion removal rates were almost 20 times higher than mean values noted elsewhere, except in the warm Norwegian fjord Kaldfjorden. Amphipods and ophiuroids quickly reduced the bait to bones (207.6–304.7 g removed per hour (g h−1); mean 290.6 ± 7.3 g h−1, n = 4) in cold Svalbard fjords. In the warmer Svalbard fjords, carrion removal rates were low (0–51.5 g h−1; mean 14.6 ± 9.0 g h−1, n = 5). Carrion removal rates in Kaldfjorden were higher than other Atlantic Water influenced fjords (132.1 and 372.5 g h−1, n = 2) owing to the scavenging activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The results demonstrate potential ecosystem responses to warming in Arctic and Subarctic fjords, particularly effects related to range expansion of boreal species.

中文翻译:

北极和亚北极峡湾底栖清道夫群落组成和腐肉清除

在高纬度沿海地区,底栖清道夫群落主要由无脊椎动物组成,它们在有机物质循环中起关键作用。包括温度和深度在内的因素可以构建北极和亚北极峡湾底栖群落,但清除群落对这些因素的反应知之甚少。为了解决这个问题,我们使用食腐动物食用大西洋鲱鱼 (Clupea harengus) 诱饵的延时图像比较了斯瓦尔巴群岛和挪威北部具有不同物理特征的八个峡湾中的食腐动物群。受相对温暖的大西洋水域影响的峡湾,无论是在挪威还是斯瓦尔巴群岛,都具有很高的清道夫丰富度。然而,底部温度为负的斯瓦尔巴群岛的峡湾物种丰富度最低,主要是 lysianassoid 片脚类动物和 ophiuroids。在这些寒冷的斯瓦尔巴峡湾中,除了温暖的挪威峡湾 Kaldfjorden,平均腐肉去除率几乎是其他地方的平均值的 20 倍。在寒冷的斯瓦尔巴群岛,片脚类动物和类鸦片很快将诱饵减少到骨头(每小时去除 207.6-304.7 克 (g h−1);平均 290.6 ± 7.3 g h−1,n = 4)。在较温暖的斯瓦尔巴峡湾中,腐肉去除率较低(0–51.5 g h-1;平均 14.6 ± 9.0 g h-1,n = 5)。由于大西洋鳕鱼 (Gadus morhua) 的清除活动,Kaldfjorden 的腐肉去除率高于其他受大西洋水影响的峡湾(132.1 和 372.5 g h-1,n = 2)。结果表明生态系统对北极和亚北极峡湾变暖的潜在反应,特别是与北方物种范围扩大有关的影响。除了温暖的挪威峡湾 Kaldfjorden。在寒冷的斯瓦尔巴群岛,片脚类动物和类鸦片很快将诱饵减少到骨头(每小时去除 207.6-304.7 克 (g h−1);平均 290.6 ± 7.3 g h−1,n = 4)。在较温暖的斯瓦尔巴峡湾中,腐肉去除率较低(0–51.5 g h-1;平均 14.6 ± 9.0 g h-1,n = 5)。由于大西洋鳕鱼 (Gadus morhua) 的清除活动,Kaldfjorden 的腐肉去除率高于其他受大西洋水影响的峡湾(132.1 和 372.5 g h-1,n = 2)。结果表明生态系统对北极和亚北极峡湾变暖的潜在反应,特别是与北方物种范围扩大有关的影响。除了温暖的挪威峡湾 Kaldfjorden。在寒冷的斯瓦尔巴群岛,片脚类动物和类鸦片很快将诱饵减少到骨头(每小时去除 207.6-304.7 克 (g h−1);平均 290.6 ± 7.3 g h−1,n = 4)。在较温暖的斯瓦尔巴峡湾中,腐肉去除率较低(0–51.5 g h-1;平均 14.6 ± 9.0 g h-1,n = 5)。由于大西洋鳕鱼 (Gadus morhua) 的清除活动,Kaldfjorden 的腐肉去除率高于其他受大西洋水影响的峡湾(132.1 和 372.5 g h-1,n = 2)。结果表明生态系统对北极和亚北极峡湾变暖的潜在反应,特别是与北方物种范围扩大有关的影响。在较温暖的斯瓦尔巴峡湾中,腐肉去除率较低(0–51.5 g h-1;平均 14.6 ± 9.0 g h-1,n = 5)。由于大西洋鳕鱼 (Gadus morhua) 的清除活动,Kaldfjorden 的腐肉去除率高于其他受大西洋水影响的峡湾(132.1 和 372.5 g h-1,n = 2)。结果表明生态系统对北极和亚北极峡湾变暖的潜在反应,特别是与北方物种范围扩大有关的影响。在较温暖的斯瓦尔巴峡湾中,腐肉去除率较低(0–51.5 g h-1;平均 14.6 ± 9.0 g h-1,n = 5)。由于大西洋鳕鱼 (Gadus morhua) 的清除活动,Kaldfjorden 的腐肉去除率高于其他受大西洋水影响的峡湾(132.1 和 372.5 g h-1,n = 2)。结果表明生态系统对北极和亚北极峡湾变暖的潜在反应,特别是与北方物种范围扩大有关的影响。
更新日期:2020-12-05
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