The importance of wheat yellow rust disease, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), has increased substantially due to the emergence of aggressive new Pst races in the last couple of decades. In an era of escalating human populations and climate change, it is vital to understand the infection mechanism of Pst in order to develop better strategies to combat wheat yellow disease. The present study focuses on the identification of small secreted proteins (SSPs) and candidate-secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) that are used by the pathogen to support infection and control disease development. We generated de novo assembled transcriptomes of Pst collected from wheat fields in central Anatolia. We inoculated both susceptible and resistant seedlings with Pst and analyzed haustoria formation. At 10 days post-inoculation (dpi), we analyzed the transcriptomes and identified 10550 Differentially Expressed Unigenes (DEGs), of which 6072 were Pst-mapped. Among those Pst-related genes, 227 were predicted as PstSSPs. In silico characterization was performed using an approach combining the transcriptomic data and data mining results to provide a reliable list to narrow down the ever-expanding repertoire of predicted effectorome. The comprehensive analysis detected 14 Differentially Expressed Small-Secreted Proteins (DESSPs) that overlapped with the genes in available literature data to serve as the best CSEPs for experimental validation. One of the CSEPs was cloned and studied to test the reliability of the presented data. Biological assays show that the randomly selected CSEP, Unigene17495 (PSTG_10917), localizes in the chloroplast and is able to suppress cell death induced by INF1 in a Nicotiana benthamiana heterologous expression system.

中文翻译：

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小麦条锈菌的深入分泌组分析f。sp。受感染小麦中的小麦发现了效应子功能。

小麦条锈菌引起的小麦黄锈病的重要性f。sp。由于过去二十年来激进的新Pst竞赛的出现，tritici（Pst）有了实质性的增长。在人口不断增长和气候变化的时代，至关重要的是要了解Pst的感染机制，以便制定出更好的策略来应对小麦黄色病。本研究的重点是鉴定病原体用来支持感染和控制疾病发展的小分泌蛋白（SSP）和候选分泌效应蛋白（CSEP）。我们从安那托利亚中部的麦田中收集了从头开始的Pst组装转录组。我们用Pst接种了易感和抗病幼苗，并分析了haustoria的形成。接种后10天（dpi），我们分析了转录组并鉴定了10550个差异表达的单基因（DEG），其中6072个是Pst映射的。在那些与Pst相关的基因中，有227个被预测为PstSSP。使用组合转录组数据和数据挖掘结果的方法进行计算机表征，以提供可靠的列表，以缩小预测的效应子库的范围。全面分析检测了14种差异表达的小分泌蛋白（DESSP），这些蛋白与现有文献数据中的基因重叠，可作为用于实验验证的最佳CSEP。克隆并研究了CSEP之一，以测试所提供数据的可靠性。生物学检测表明，随机选择的CSEP Unigene17495（PSTG_10917）