Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling has long been associated with various pathological states in particular with the development of diseases with an underlying inflammation, such as diabetes, liver or cardiovascular dysfunctions, and cancer. ER stress signaling is mediated by three stress sensors. The most evolutionarily conserved one, the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1), transduces most of the signals through an endoribonuclease (RNase) activity toward RNAs including mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs). By exploring phosphoinositide signaling in human macrophages, Hamid and colleagues discovered a novel function of IRE1 RNase that through the cleavage of pre‐miR‐2317 generates a mature miR‐2317 independently of the canonical Dicer endonuclease to yield specific biological outcomes (Hamid et al, 2020).

中文翻译：

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IRE1介导的巨噬细胞磷酸肌醇信号中的miRNA成熟

内质网 (ER) 应激信号长期以来一直与各种病理状态相关，特别是与潜在炎症疾病的发展相关，例如糖尿病、肝脏或心血管功能障碍和癌症。ER 压力信号由三个压力传感器介导。进化上最保守的一种，肌醇需要酶 1 α (IRE1)，通过核糖核酸内切酶 (RNase) 活性对包括 mRNA 和 microRNA (miRNA) 在内的 RNA 转导大部分信号。通过探索人类巨噬细胞中的磷酸肌醇信号传导，Hamid 及其同事发现了 IRE1 RNase 的一种新功能，即通过切割 pre-miR-2317 产生成熟的 miR-2317，独立于经典的 Dicer 核酸内切酶产生特定的生物学结果（Hamid et al., 2020)。