In sensor array processing literature, near-field bearing and range estimation algorithms generally use spherical wavefront to model only array sensors’ phase response (sometimes with Fresnel approximation) and assume equality in amplitude response. Ignoring the range dependent amplitudes, though facilitating the algorithmic development, will cause systematic estimation errors due to model mismatch. By taking the spherical wavefront amplitude into account, a new bearing and range estimation algorithm for locating multiple near-field sinusoid sources is presented. With the estimation of the near-field sensor array's response vector, closed-form formulas for bearing and range estimates are derived from its magnitude, or phase, or both. The problem of estimation ambiguity is discussed as well. Cramér-Rao bound is also derived to serve as a benchmark for performance study.

中文翻译：

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使用精确的源传感器空间模型进行方位和范围估计

在传感器阵列处理文献中，近场方位和距离估计算法通常使用球面波前来仅对阵列传感器的相位响应（有时采用菲涅耳近似）建模，并假设幅度响应相等。忽略范围相关的幅度，尽管有助于算法开发，但由于模型不匹配，将导致系统的估计误差。通过考虑球面波前振幅，提出了一种新的方位和距离估计算法，用于定位多个近场正弦波源。通过估计近场传感器阵列的响应矢量，可以从其幅度或相位或两者兼而有之的方位和距离估计的封闭式公式。还讨论了估计歧义的问题。