Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology gained wide recognition over a decade ago following a resonance coupling WPT study conducted by a group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) [1]. WPT was originally proposed by Nicola Tesla at the end of the 19th century [2] based on a study of near-field inductive-coupling WPT and far-field WPT via radio waves. The first patent involving inductive WPT as a wireless charging system was granted in 1894 for the earliest electric vehicle (EV) [3]. Inductive WPT technology is based on a transformer and was commercialized as a wireless charger for an electric toothbrush in 1981 by Panasonic Corporation and as a power source for an integrated circuit (IC) card in 1995 by Sony Corporation. Daifuku Corporation produces many systems for material handling in stockroom and clean room applications [4]. From the 1970s through the 1990s, several research projects on wireless chargers for EVs were undertaken in New Zealand, the United States, and Europe. Advances in microwave technology led to improvements in WPT via radio waves, with many field experiments on microwave power transfer (MPT) conducted from the 1960s through the 1970s by William C. Brown in the United States [4]. The commercialization of RFID at the 920-MHz band started recently, and the proliferation of mobile rechargeable batteries since 2010 accentuates the need for a wireless charger in, e.g., mobile phones, EVs, and sensors for the Internet of Things (IoT).

中文翻译：

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无线电力传输的趋势：用于能量收集的 WPT 技术、毫米波/太赫兹整流天线、MIMO-WPT 以及近场 WPT 应用的进展

十多年前，在麻省理工学院 (MIT) 的一个小组进行的共振耦合 WPT 研究之后，无线电力传输 (WPT) 技术获得了广泛认可 [1]。WPT 最初是由尼古拉·特斯拉在 19 世纪末 [2] 基于无线电波对近场电感耦合 WPT 和远场 WPT 的研究而提出的。第一项涉及感应式 WPT 作为无线充电系统的专利于 1894 年授予最早的电动汽车 (EV) [3]。感应式 WPT 技术基于变压器，并于 1981 年被松下公司商业化为电动牙刷的无线充电器，并于 1995 年被索尼公司商业化为集成电路 (IC) 卡的电源。大福公司生产了许多系统，用于仓库和洁净室应用中的材料处理 [4]。从 1970 年代到 1990 年代，新西兰、美国和欧洲开展了多个关于电动汽车无线充电器的研究项目。微波技术的进步通过无线电波改进了 WPT，从 1960 年代到 1970 年代，美国的 William C. Brown 进行了许多关于微波功率传输 (MPT) 的现场实验 [4]。920 MHz 频段 RFID 的商业化最近开始，自 2010 年以来移动可充电电池的激增加剧了对无线充电器的需求，例如移动电话、电动汽车和物联网 (IoT) 传感器。1960 年代到 1970 年代由美国的 William C. Brown 进行了许多关于微波功率传输 (MPT) 的现场实验 [4]。920 MHz 频段 RFID 的商业化最近开始，自 2010 年以来移动可充电电池的激增加剧了对无线充电器的需求，例如移动电话、电动汽车和物联网 (IoT) 传感器。1960 年代到 1970 年代由美国的 William C. Brown 进行了许多关于微波功率传输 (MPT) 的现场实验 [4]。920 MHz 频段 RFID 的商业化最近开始，自 2010 年以来移动可充电电池的激增加剧了对无线充电器的需求，例如移动电话、电动汽车和物联网 (IoT) 传感器。