This study investigates the wing deformation of a flapping-wing micro air vehicle (MAV) in climbing and forward flight conditions. A measurement setup was developed that maintains adequate viewing axes of the wings for all pitch angles. Recordings of a high-speed camera pair are processed using a point tracking algorithm, allowing 136 points per wing to be measured simultaneously with an estimated accuracy of 0.25mm. Results of the climbing flight study show that although inflow is symmetric, the wing deformations are slightly asymmetric. Furthermore, it was found that an air-buffer remains present between the wing surfaces at all times, especially with increased freestream velocity. Apart from a minor camber reduction, the clapand- peel motion remains mostly unchanged for changing velocities, while during the remaining cycle the incidence angle and camber ratio are reduced, together with the angle of attack. In forward flight the clap-and-peel motion is twisted around its contact area to align with the inflow direction, while the general deformation remains unchanged, suggesting similar effectiveness as in hover. Positive mean incidence angles are present for the entire cycle, especially for fast forward flight and stroke reversals. Furthermore, camber is positive during downstroke, while approaching zero for the upstroke in fast forward flight, which suggests low loading during the upstroke.

中文翻译：

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前飞不对称流入对相互作用扑翼变形的影响

本研究调查了扑翼微型飞行器 (MAV) 在爬升和前飞条件下的机翼变形。开发了一种测量装置，可以为所有俯仰角保持足够的机翼观察轴。使用点跟踪算法处理高速摄像机对的记录，允许同时测量每个机翼 136 个点，估计精度为 0.25 毫米。爬升飞行研究的结果表明，尽管流入是对称的，但机翼变形略有不对称。此外，发现机翼表面之间始终存在空气缓冲器，尤其是随着自由流速度的增加。除了轻微的外倾角减小外，拍手-剥离运动在速度变化时基本保持不变，而在剩余的循环中，入射角和弯度比以及攻角都减小了。在向前飞行中，拍手和剥离运动围绕其接触区域扭曲以与流入方向对齐，而一般变形保持不变，表明与悬停时的效果相似。整个周期都存在正的平均入射角，特别是对于快速向前飞行和冲程反转。此外，在下冲程时弯度为正，而在快进飞行时上冲程接近零，这表明在上冲程期间负载较低。暗示与悬停类似的效果。整个周期都存在正的平均入射角，特别是对于快进飞行和冲程反转。此外，在下冲程时弯度为正，而在快进飞行时上冲程接近零，这表明在上冲程期间负载较低。暗示与悬停类似的效果。整个周期都存在正的平均入射角，特别是对于快进飞行和冲程反转。此外，在下冲程时弯度为正，而在快进飞行时上冲程接近零，这表明在上冲程期间负载较低。