Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) represent an ideal testbench for the search of materials by design, because their optoelectronic properties can be manipulated through surface engineering and molecular functionalization. However, the impact of molecules on intrinsic physical properties of TMDs, such as superconductivity, remains largely unexplored. In this work, the critical temperature (T_C) of large-area NbSe₂ monolayers is manipulated, employing ultrathin molecular adlayers. Spectroscopic evidence indicates that aligned molecular dipoles within the self-assembled layers act as a fixed gate terminal, collectively generating a macroscopic electrostatic field on NbSe₂. This results in an ∼55% increase and a 70% decrease in T_C depending on the electric field polarity, which is controlled via molecular selection. The reported functionalization, which improves the air stability of NbSe₂, is efficient, practical, up-scalable, and suited to functionalize large-area TMDs. Our results indicate the potential of hybrid 2D materials as a novel platform for tunable superconductivity.

中文翻译：

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家居超导大面积单-层NbSe ₂通过自组装单分子吸附层

二维过渡金属二硫化碳（TMD）代表了一种通过设计搜索材料的理想测试平台，因为它们的光电特性可以通过表面工程和分子功能化进行控制。但是，分子对TMDs固有物理特性（例如超导性）的影响仍未得到充分探索。在这项工作中，采用超薄分子夹层来控制大面积NbSe ₂单层的临界温度（T _C）。光谱证据表明，自组装层内排列的分子偶极子充当固定的栅极端子，共同在NbSe ₂上产生宏观静电场。这导致〜55％的增加和70％的减少T _C取决于电场极性，这通过分子选择来控制。报道的功能化可提高NbSe ₂的空气稳定性，是高效，实用，可扩展的，并且适合于功能化大面积TMD。我们的结果表明混合2D材料作为可调超导性的新型平台的潜力。