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Chemometrics-Enabled Raman Spectrometric Qualitative Determination and Assessment of Biochemical Alterations during Early Prostate Cancer Proliferation in Model Tissue
Journal of Spectroscopy ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 , DOI: 10.1155/2020/8879985
John I. Githaiga 1 , Hudson K. Angeyo 1 , Kenneth A. Kaduki 1 , Wallace D. Bulimo 2
Affiliation  

The use of Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate chemometrics for disease diagnosis has attracted great attention from researchers in recent years. This is because it is a noninvasive and nondestructive detection approach with enhanced sensitivity. However, a major challenge when analyzing spectra from biological samples has been the detection of subtle biochemical alterations buried in background and fluorescence noise. This work reports a qualitative chemometrics-assisted investigation of subtle biochemical alterations associated with prostate malignancy in model biological tissue (metastatic androgen insensitive (PC3) and immortalized normal (PNT1a) prostate cell lines). Raman spectra were acquired from PC3 and PNT1a cells at various stages of growth, and their biochemical alterations were determined from difference spectra between the two cell lines (for prominent alterations) and principal component analysis (PCA) (for subtle alterations). The Raman difference spectra were computed by subtracting the normalized mean spectral intensities of PNT1a cells from the normalized mean spectral intensities of PC3 cells. These difference spectra revealed prominent biochemical alterations associated with the malignant PC3 cells at 566 ± 0.70 cm−1, 630 cm−1, 1370 ± 0.86 cm−1, and 1618 ± 1.73 cm−1 bands. The band intensity ratios at 566 ± 0.70 cm−1 and 630 cm−1 suggested that prostate malignancy can be associated with an increase in relative amounts of nucleic acids and lipids, respectively, whereas those at 1370 ± 0.86 cm−1 and 1618 ± 1.73 cm−1 suggested that prostate malignancy can be associated with a decrease in relative amounts of saccharides and tryptophan, respectively. In the analysis using PCA, intermediate-order and high-order principal components (PCs) were used to extract the subtle biochemical fingerprints associated with the cell lines. This revealed subtle biochemical differences at 1076 cm−1, (1232, 1234 cm−1), (1276, 1278 cm−1), (1330, 1333 cm−1), (1434, 1442 cm−1), and (1471, 1479 cm−1). The band intensity ratios at 1076 cm−1 and 1232 cm−1 suggested that prostate malignancy can be associated with an increase in subtle amounts of nucleic acids and amide III components, respectively. The method reported here has demonstrated that subtle biochemical alterations can be extracted from Raman spectra of normal and malignant cell lines. The identified subtle bands could play an important role in quantitative monitoring of early biomarker alterations associated with prostate cancer proliferation.

中文翻译:

启用化学计量学的拉曼光谱定性测定和模型组织中前列腺癌早期扩散期间生化变化的评估

近年来,拉曼光谱技术与多元化学计量学相结合用于疾病诊断已引起了研究人员的极大关注。这是因为它是一种具有增强的灵敏度的非侵入性和非破坏性检测方法。但是,分析生物样品的光谱时的主要挑战是检测掩藏在背景和荧光噪声中的细微生化变化。这项工作报告了定性化学计量学辅助研究模型生物组织(转移性雄激素不敏感(PC3)和永生化正常(PNT1a)前列腺细胞系)中与前列腺恶性肿瘤相关的细微生化改变。拉曼光谱是从PC3和PNT1a细胞在不同生长阶段获得的,从两个细胞系之间的差异光谱(对于显着的变化)和主成分分析(PCA)(对于细微的变化)确定它们的生化变化。通过从PC3细胞的归一化平均光谱强度中减去PNT1a细胞的归一化平均光谱强度来计算拉曼差异光谱。这些差异光谱揭示了在566±0.70 cm处与恶性PC3细胞相关的显着生化变化-1,630厘米-1,1370±0.86厘米-1和1618个±1.73厘米-1频带。566±0.70 cm -1和630 cm -1处的谱带强度比表明,前列腺恶性肿瘤可分别与核酸和脂质的相对量增加相关,而在1370±0.86 cm -1和1618±1.73处。厘米-1提示前列腺癌可能与糖和色氨酸相对量的减少有关。在使用PCA的分析中,使用中阶和高阶主成分(PC)提取与细胞系相关的微妙生化指纹。这表明在1076 cm -1,(1232、1234 cm -1),(1276、1278 cm -1),(1330、1333 cm -1),(1434、1442 cm -1)和(1471)处存在细微的生化差异。,1479 cm -1)。在1076 cm -1和1232 cm -1的能带强度比提示前列腺恶性肿瘤可能分别与少量核酸和酰胺III组分的增加有关。此处报道的方法表明,可以从正常和恶性细胞系的拉曼光谱中提取微妙的生化改变。识别出的细微条带可能在定量监测与前列腺癌增殖相关的早期生物标记改变中起重要作用。
更新日期:2020-12-04
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