As ultraviolet (UV) sensors are often employed in external environments, they should be able to function efficiently outdoors while remaining unaffected by liquids or changes in humidity. In this study, we developed a tin (IV) oxide nanowire (SnO2 NW)/graphene heterostructure-based UV detector that can accurately detect UV light without being affected by exposure to liquids. A (3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecyl) phosphonic acid (HDF–PA) passivation layer was self-assembled on an SnO2 NW/graphene heterostructure sensing channel to make its surface superhydrophobic (contact angle of ∼154°). This configuration prevents UV sensing distortion due to current leakage in case the sensor is exposed to various liquids. HDF–PA, which is less than 1.5 nm thick, slightly reduces UV transmission, rendering it a suitable passivation material to repel external liquids. In addition, the heterostructure of SnO2 NWs and graphene, as a UV sensing channel, can provide higher UV sensitivity than that of pristine graphene. The proposed method can be applied to fabricate stable, sensitive, and robust optical sensors that can withstand various environmental conditions.

中文翻译：

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基于超疏水SnO2纳米线/石墨烯异质结构的紫外探测器

由于紫外线 (UV) 传感器通常用于外部环境，因此它们应该能够在户外高效运行，同时不受液体或湿度变化的影响。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种基于锡 (IV) 氧化物纳米线 (SnO2 NW)/石墨烯异质结构的紫外检测器，它可以准确检测紫外光而不受暴露于液体的影响。（3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-十七氟癸基）膦酸（HDF-PA）钝化层是自组装在 SnO2 NW/石墨烯异质结构传感通道上，使其表面超疏水（接触角约 154°）。这种配置可防止传感器暴露于各种液体时由于电流泄漏而导致的 UV 感测失真。HDF-PA 厚度小于 1.5 nm，稍微降低了紫外线的透射率，使其成为合适的钝化材料以排斥外部液体。此外，SnO2 NWs 和石墨烯的异质结构作为紫外传感通道，可以提供比原始石墨烯更高的紫外灵敏度。所提出的方法可用于制造能够承受各种环境条件的稳定、灵敏和鲁棒的光学传感器。