In order to examine how robust updraft strength and ice-based microphysical processes aloft in storms may affect convective outflows near the surface, ocean winds were compared between tropical maritime precipitation systems with and without lightning. The analysis focused on Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) specular point tracks, using straightforward spatiotemporal matching criteria to pair CYGNSS-measured wind speeds with satellite-based precipitation observations, Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) wind speeds, and lightning flash data from ground-based and space-based sensors. Based on the results, thunderstorms over the tropical oceans are associated with significantly heavier rain rates (~200% greater) than non-thunderstorms. However, wind speeds near either type of precipitation system do not differ much (~0.5 m s⁻¹ or less). Moreover, the sign of the difference depends on the wind instrument used, with CYGNSS suggesting non-thunderstorm winds are slightly stronger, while ASCAT suggests the opposite. These observed wind differences are likely related to lingering uncertainties between CYGNSS and ASCAT measurements in precipitation. However, both CYGNSS and ASCAT observe winds near precipitation (whether lightning-producing or not) to be stronger than background winds by at least 1 m s⁻¹.

中文翻译：

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比较有和没有闪电的热带海洋降水系统附近的风

为了检查风暴中高强度的上升强度和基于冰的微物理过程如何影响地表附近的对流流出，在有和没有闪电的热带海洋降水系统之间对海风进行了比较。该分析集中在旋风全球导航卫星系统（CYGNSS）镜面点轨迹上，使用简单的时空匹配标准将CYGNSS测得的风速与基于卫星的降水观测值，高级散射仪（ASCAT）风速以及来自地面的闪电数据进行配对太空传感器。根据结果​​，与非雷暴相比，热带海洋上的雷暴带来的降雨率明显更高（约高200％）。但是，两种类型的降水系统附近的风速相差不大（〜0.5 ms^-1以下）。此外，差异的迹象取决于所使用的风乐器，CYGNSS表示非雷暴风略强，而ASCAT则相反。这些观测到的风差很可能与CYGNSS和ASCAT测量值在降水中的不确定性有关。但是，CYGNSS和ASCAT都观测到降水附近的风（无论是否产生闪电）比背景风强至少1 ms ^-1。