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Developmental Origins of Metabolic Disease
Physiological Reviews ( IF 33.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 , DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2020
Daniel J Hoffman 1 , Theresa L Powell 2 , Emily S Barrett 3 , Daniel B Hardy 3
Affiliation  

Almost 2 billion adults in the world are overweight and more than half of them are classified as obese while nearly 1/3 of children globally experience poor growth and development. Given the vast amount of knowledge that has been gleaned from decades of research on growth and development, a number of questions remains as to why the world is now in the midst of a global epidemic of obesity accompanied by the "double burden of malnutrition" where overweight coexists with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This challenge to the human condition can be attributed to nutritional and environmental exposures during pregnancy that may program a fetus to have a higher risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. To explore this concept, frequently called the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) or metabolic diseases (DOMD), this review considers a host of factors and physiological mechanisms that drive a fetus or child towards a higher risk of obesity, fatty liver disease, hypertension, and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). To that end, this review explores the epidemiology of DOHaD with discussions focused on adaptations to human energetics, placental developmental, dysmetabolism, and key environmental exposures that act to promote chronic diseases in adulthood. These areas are complementary and additive in understanding how providing the best conditions for optimal growth can create the best possible conditions for lifelong health. Moreover, understanding both physiological as well as epigenetic and molecular mechanisms for DOMD is vital to most fully address the global issues of obesity and other chronic diseases.

中文翻译:

代谢疾病的发育起源

全球近 20 亿成年人超重,其中一半以上被归类为肥胖,而全球近 1/3 的儿童生长发育不良。鉴于从数十年的生长和发育研究中收集到的大量知识,仍然存在许多问题,即为什么世界现在正处于全球肥胖流行病之中,并伴随着“营养不良的双重负担”,其中超重与体重不足和微量营养素缺乏并存。这种对人类状况的挑战可归因于怀孕期间的营养和环境暴露,这可能会使胎儿在成年后患慢性病的风险更高。为了探索这个通常被称为健康和疾病的发育起源 (DOHaD) 或代谢疾病 (DOMD) 的概念,本综述考虑了导致胎儿或儿童患肥胖症、脂肪肝疾病、高血压和/或 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 风险更高的许多因素和生理机制。为此,这篇综述探讨了 DOHaD 的流行病学,讨论的重点是对人类能量学的适应、胎盘发育、代谢异常和促进成年期慢性病的关键环境暴露。这些领域在理解如何为最佳生长提供最佳条件可以为终身健康创造最佳条件方面是互补和相辅相成的。此外,了解 DOMD 的生理以及表观遗传和分子机制对于最全面地解决肥胖和其他慢性疾病的全球问题至关重要。
更新日期:2020-12-04
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