Polysaccharide nanoparticles are promising materials in the wide range of disciplines such as medicine, nutrition, food production, agriculture, material science and others. They excel not only in their non‐toxicity and biodegradability but also in their easy preparation. As well as inorganic particles, a protein corona (PC) around polysaccharide nanoparticles is formed in biofluids. Moreover, it has been considered that the overall response of the organism to nanoparticles presence depends on the PC. This review summarises scientific publications about the structural chemistry of polysaccharide nanoparticles and their impact on theranostic applications. Three strategies of implementation of the PC in theranostics have been discussed: I) Utilisation of the PC in therapy; II) How the composition of the PC is analysed for specific disease markers; III) How the formed PC can interact with the immune system and enhances the immunomodulation or immunoelimination. Thus, the findings from this review can contribute to improve the design of drug delivery systems. However, it is still necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of nano‐bio interactions and discover new connections in nanoscale research.

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多糖纳米粒子蛋白电晕的治疗方法

多糖纳米颗粒是医学，营养学，食品生产，农业，材料科学等广泛领域的有前途的材料。它们不仅无毒，可生物降解，而且易于制备。除无机颗粒外，在生物流体中还会形成多糖纳米颗粒周围的蛋白质电晕（PC）。此外，已经考虑到生物体对纳米颗粒存在的总体反应取决于PC。这篇综述总结了有关多糖纳米颗粒的结构化学及其对治疗应用的影响的科学出版物。讨论了在肿瘤诊断中实施PC的三种策略：I）PC在治疗中的利用；II）如何分析PC的组成以查找特定的疾病标记；III）形成的PC如何与免疫系统相互作用并增强免疫调节或免疫消除作用。因此，本次审查的发现可有助于改善药物输送系统的设计。但是，仍然有必要阐明纳米生物相互作用的机制并发现纳米研究中的新联系。