Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (4D EGB) gravity theory which bypasses the Lovelock theorem and avoids Ostrogradsky's instability. Such a novel theory has nontrivial dynamics and presents several predictions for cosmology and black hole physics. Motivated by recent astrophysical observations and the importance of anti-de Sitter spacetime, we investigate shadow geometrical shapes and deflection angle of light from the charged AdS black holes in 4D EGB gravity theory. We explore the shadow behaviors and photon sphere around such black holes, and inspect the effect of different parameters on them. Then, we present a study regarding the energy emission rate of such black holes and analyze the significant role of the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) coupling constant in the radiation process. Then, we perform a discussion of holographic heat engines of charged 4D EGB-AdS black holes by obtaining the efficiency of a rectangular engine cycle. Finally, by comparing heat engine efficiency with the Carnot efficiency, we indicate that the ratio $\frac{\eta }{{\eta }_c}$ is always less than one which is consistent with the thermodynamic second law.

最近，人们对4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet（4D EGB）重力理论产生了兴趣，该理论绕过了Lovelock定理并避免了Ostrogradsky的不稳定性。这种新颖的理论具有非凡的动力，并提出了宇宙学和黑洞物理学的一些预测。受近期天体物理学观察和反de Sitter时空的重要性的激励，我们在4D EGB重力理论中研究了带电AdS黑洞的阴影几何形状和光的偏转角。我们探索了此类黑洞周围的阴影行为和光子球，并检查了不同参数对它们的影响。然后，我们对这种黑洞的能量发射率进行了研究，并分析了高斯-邦纳（GB）耦合常数在辐射过程中的重要作用。然后，我们通过获取矩形发动机循环的效率，对带电4D EGB-AdS黑洞的全息热机进行了讨论。最后，通过将热机效率与卡诺效率进行比较，我们表明$\frac{\eta }{{\eta }_C}$ 总是小于一个与热力学第二定律一致的值。