COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic. At the time of writing this (October 14, 2020), more than 38.4 million people have become affected, and 1.0 million people have died across the world. The death rate is undoubtedly correlated with the cytokine storm and other pathological pulmonary characteristics, as a result of which the lungs cannot provide sufficient oxygen to the body's vital organs. While diversified drugs have been tested as a first line therapy, the complexity of fatal cases has not been reduced so far, and the world is looking for a treatment to combat the virus. However, to date, and despite such promise, we have received very limited information about the potential of nanomedicine to fight against COVID-19 or as an adjunct therapy in the treatment regimen. Over the past two decades, various therapeutic strategies, including direct-acting antiviral drugs, immunomodulators, a few non-specific drugs (simple to complex), have been explored to treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), influenza, and sometimes the common flu, thus, correlating and developing specific drugs centric to COVID-19 is possible. This review article focuses on the pulmonary pathology caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other viral pathogens, highlighting possible nanomedicine therapeutic strategies that should be further tested immediately.

中文翻译：

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对抗 COVID-19 等肺部感染的潜在免疫纳米医学策略

COVID-19，即 2019 年冠状病毒病，由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起，已成为一种流行病。截至撰写本文时（2020 年 10 月 14 日），全球已有超过 3840 万人受到影响，100 万人死亡。死亡率无疑与细胞因子风暴和其他肺部病理特征有关，导致肺部无法为人体重要器官提供足够的氧气。尽管多种药物已作为一线疗法进行了测试，但迄今为止致命病例的复杂性尚未降低，全世界都在寻找对抗该病毒的治疗方法。然而，迄今为止，尽管有这样的承诺，我们收到的关于纳米医学对抗 COVID-19 或作为治疗方案中的辅助疗法的潜力的信息非常有限。在过去的二十年中，人们探索了各种治疗策略，包括直接作用的抗病毒药物、免疫调节剂、一些非特异性药物（简单到复杂）来治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS） ）和中东呼吸综合症（MERS）、流感，有时还有普通流感，因此，关联和开发以 COVID-19 为中心的特定药物是可能的。这篇综述文章重点关注 SARS-CoV-2 和其他病毒病原体引起的肺部病理学，强调了应立即进一步测试的可能的纳米医学治疗策略。