Background

The liver is a key regulator of systemic energy homeostasis and can sense and respond to nutrient excess and deficiency through crosstalk with multiple tissues. Regulation of systemic energy homeostasis by the liver is mediated in part through regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of either process may result in metabolic dysfunction and contribute to the development of insulin resistance or fatty liver disease.

Scope of review

The liver has recently been recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes hepatokines, which are liver-derived factors that can signal to and communicate with distant tissues. Dysregulation of liver-centered inter-organ pathways may contribute to improper regulation of energy homeostasis and ultimately metabolic dysfunction. Deciphering the mechanisms that regulate hepatokine expression and communication with distant tissues is essential for understanding inter-organ communication and for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic dysfunction.

Major conclusions

In this review, we discuss liver-centric regulation of energy homeostasis through hepatokine secretion. We highlight key hepatokines and their roles in metabolic control, examine the molecular mechanisms of each hepatokine, and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for metabolic disease. We also discuss important areas of future studies that may contribute to understanding hepatokine signaling under healthy and pathophysiological conditions.

中文翻译：

---

肝因子和代谢：解读肝脏的通讯

背景

肝脏是全身能量稳态的关键调节器，可以通过与多个组织的串扰来感知和应对营养过剩和缺乏。肝脏对全身能量稳态的调节部分是通过调节葡萄糖和脂质代谢来介导的。任何一个过程的失调都可能导致代谢功能障碍，并导致胰岛素抵抗或脂肪肝疾病的发展。

审查范围

肝脏最近被认为是分泌肝细胞因子的内分泌器官，肝细胞因子是肝脏衍生的因子，可以向远处组织发出信号并与之交流。以肝脏为中心的器官间通路的失调可能导致能量稳态调节不当，最终导致代谢功能障碍。破译调节肝因子表达和与远处组织交流的机制对于理解器官间交流和制定治疗代谢功能障碍的治疗策略至关重要。

主要结论

在这篇综述中，我们讨论了通过肝因子分泌以肝脏为中心的能量稳态调节。我们重点介绍了关键肝因子及其在代谢控制中的作用，研究了每种肝因子的分子机制，并讨论了它们作为代谢疾病治疗靶点的潜力。我们还讨论了未来研究的重要领域，这些领域可能有助于理解健康和病理生理条件下的肝因子信号传导。