Abstract Metal trace elements accumulate in soils mainly because of anthropic activities, leading living organisms to develop strategies to handle metal toxicity. Plants often associate with root endophytic fungi, including nonmycorrhizal fungi, and some of these organisms are associated with metal tolerance. The lack of synthetic analyses of plant-endophyte-metal tripartite systems and the scant consideration for taxonomy led to this review aiming (1) to inventory non-mycorrhizal root fungal endophytes described with respect to their taxonomic diversity and (2) to determine the mutualistic roles of these plant-fungus associations under metal stress. More than 1500 species in 100 orders (mainly Hypocreales and Pleosporales) were reported from a wide variety of environments and hosts. Most reported endophytes had a positive effect on their host under metal stress, but with various effects on metal uptake or translocation and no clear taxonomic consistency. Future research considering the functional patterns and dynamics of these associations is thus encouraged.

中文翻译：

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根真菌内生菌：植物对金属胁迫耐受的特性、系统发育和作用

摘要 金属微量元素主要由于人类活动而在土壤中积累，导致生物体制定应对金属毒性的策略。植物通常与根内生真菌有关，包括非菌根真菌，其中一些生物与金属耐受性有关。缺乏对植物-内生菌-金属三方系统的综合分析和对分类学的缺乏考虑导致本次审查旨在 (1) 盘点根据分类多样性描述的非菌根根真菌内生菌和 (2) 确定共生这些植物 - 真菌协会在金属胁迫下的作用。据报道，来自各种环境和宿主的 100 个目（主要是 Hypocreales 和 Pleosporales）中的 1500 多种物种。大多数报道的内生菌在金属胁迫下对其宿主有积极影响，但对金属吸收或易位有多种影响，并且没有明确的分类一致性。因此，鼓励考虑这些关联的功能模式和动态的未来研究。