The present study aimed to examine event-related potentials (ERPs) of action planning and outcome monitoring in human-robot interaction. To this end, participants were instructed to perform costly actions (i.e. losing points) to stop a balloon from inflating and to prevent its explosion. They performed the task alone (individual condition) or with a robot (joint condition). Similar to findings from human-human interactions, results showed that action planning was affected by the presence of another agent, robot in this case. Specifically, the early readiness potential (eRP) amplitude was larger in the joint, than in the individual, condition. The presence of the robot affected also outcome perception and monitoring. Our results showed that the P1/N1 complex was suppressed in the joint, compared to the individual condition when the worst outcome was expected, suggesting that the presence of the robot affects attention allocation to negative outcomes of one's own actions. Similarly, results also showed that larger losses elicited smaller feedback-related negativity (FRN) in the joint than in the individual condition. Taken together, our results indicate that the social presence of a robot may influence the way we plan our actions and also the way we monitor their consequences. Implications of the study for the human-robot interaction field are discussed.

本研究旨在检查人机交互中行动计划和结果监视的事件相关潜能（ERP）。为此，指示参与者进行昂贵的动作（例如，丢分）以阻止气球膨胀并防止其爆炸。他们单独执行任务（个人条件），或者使用机器人执行任务（联合条件）。与人与人互动的发现相似，结果表明，行动计划受另一个代理程序（在本例中为机器人）的存在影响。具体而言，关节中的早期准备潜能（eRP）幅度大于个体情况。机器人的存在也会影响结果感知和监控。我们的结果表明，P1 / N1复合物在关节中受到抑制，与预期最差结果的个人情况相比，这表明机器人的存在会影响注意力分配给自己行动的负面结果。同样，结果还表明，与个体情况相比，更大的损失在关节中引起的反馈相关负值（FRN）较小。综上所述，我们的结果表明，机器人的社交能力可能会影响我们计划行动的方式以及监控其后果的方式。讨论了该研究对人机交互领域的意义。综上所述，我们的结果表明，机器人的社交能力可能会影响我们计划行动的方式以及监控其后果的方式。讨论了该研究对人机交互领域的意义。综上所述，我们的结果表明，机器人的社交能力可能会影响我们计划行动的方式以及监控其后果的方式。讨论了该研究对人机交互领域的意义。