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Runoff and soil loss responses of cultivated land managed with graded soil bunds of different ages in the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia
Ecological Processes ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 , DOI: 10.1186/s13717-020-00270-5
Mengie Belayneh , Teshome Yirgu , Dereje Tsegaye

In view of a wide range of on-site and off-site impacts of soil erosion, different soil and water conservation measures have been implemented mainly over the last two decades in the Gumara watershed and Ethiopia at large. But their effects have not been sufficiently documented, and maintenance of structures received very little attention. This study investigated the effectiveness of graded soil bunds of zero and 11 years of age in reducing runoff and soil loss. Six hydrologically isolated experimental runoff plots (three treatments × two replicates) were prepared to observe rainfall, runoff, and sediment concentrations in the 2019 summer rainfall season (covering approximately 70% of the annual rainfall). Newly constructed soil bunds reduced runoff by 34.94 and 25.56% compared to the old and non-treated counterparts, respectively. Similarly, 59.6 and 48.3% soil loss reductions were observed. The amount of soil loss in non-treated plots was twice that from the new plots and even 1.6 times higher than that from the old-graded soil bund treatments. The rate of soil loss in the new- and old-graded soil bund-treated and non-treated plots was 23.5, 45.6, and 58.1 t ha−1 year−1, respectively. However, the effectiveness of the old soil bunds was much lower (only − 12.6 and − 21.7% in runoff and soil loss, respectively) than its new equivalent. Graded soil bunds, in its new form, reduced runoff, runoff coefficient, and soil loss significantly (P < 0.05). Regardless of the treatments, from the start of the rainy season to the end, runoff and runoff coefficient showed an increase, but sediment concentration decreased. Newly constructed soil bund is the most effective in reducing runoff and soil loss. Graded soil bunds reduced runoff and soil loss significantly, but the rate even in the treated plots was very high when compared to both the soil loss tolerance (1–6 t ha−1 year−1) and formation rate (10–14 t ha−1 year−1) estimated for the area. Hence, these structures need to be supported by other measures such as grass strips, agro-forestry, and percolation ditches, for better results. Besides, regular maintenance by either removing sediments from bund furrows or increasing the bund height is recommended for sustained reduction of runoff and soil loss.

中文翻译:

埃塞俄比亚上尼罗河上游不同年龄分级土壤耕作的耕地径流与土壤流失响应

鉴于土壤侵蚀的现场和非现场影响广泛,过去二十年来,主要在古玛拉流域和整个埃塞俄比亚实施了不同的水土保持措施。但是它们的作用还没有得到充分的证明,结构的维护很少受到关注。这项研究调查了零和11岁的分级土壤障壁在减少径流和土壤流失方面的有效性。准备了六个水文隔离的实验径流图(三个处理×两个重复),以观察2019年夏季降雨季节的降雨,径流和沉积物浓度(覆盖约70%的年降雨量)。与旧的和未处理的对应物相比,新建的土堤分别减少了34.94%和25.56%的径流量。同样,为59。观察到土壤流失减少了6%和48.3%。未处理地块的土壤流失量是新地块的两倍,甚至比旧等级土壤障壁处理高1.6倍。在新旧等级的土壤障壁处理和未处理的样地上,土壤流失率分别为23.5、45.6和58.1 t ha-1 year-1。但是,旧土壤障壁的有效性要比新土壤障壁的有效性低得多(分别在径流和土壤流失方面分别为− 12.6和− 21.7%)。新形式的分级土壤障壁显着减少了径流,径流系数和土壤流失(P <0.05)。无论采用哪种处理方法,从雨季开始到结束,径流和径流系数均增加,但沉积物浓度降低。新建的土壤障壁在减少径流和土壤流失方面最有效。分级的土壤障壁显着减少了径流和土壤流失,但与耐水土流失能力(1–6 t ha-1年-1年)和地层形成速率(10–14 t ha)相比,即使在经过处理的地块,其比率也非常高-1年-1)对该区域的估计。因此,为了获得更好的效果,这些结构需要其他措施的支持,例如草条,农林业和渗滤沟。此外,建议定期进行维护,要么从外滩犁沟中清除沉积物,要么增加外滩高度,以持续减少径流和水土流失。但是与该地区的土壤流失耐受性(1–6 t ha-1年-1)和形成率(10–14 t ha-1年-1)相比,即使在经过处理的地块,其比率也很高。 。因此,为了获得更好的效果,这些结构需要其他措施的支持,例如草条,农林业和渗滤沟。此外,建议定期进行维护,要么从外滩犁沟中清除沉积物,要么增加外滩高度,以持续减少径流和水土流失。但是与该地区的土壤流失耐受性(1–6 t ha-1年-1)和形成率(10–14 t ha-1年-1)相比,即使在经过处理的地块,其比率也很高。 。因此,为了获得更好的效果,这些结构需要其他措施的支持,例如草条,农林业和渗滤沟。此外,建议定期进行维护,要么从外滩犁沟中清除沉积物,要么增加外滩高度,以持续减少径流和水土流失。
更新日期:2020-12-03
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