We report observational evidence of Lagrangian chaotic saddles in plasmas, given by the intersections of finite-time unstable and stable manifolds, using an $\approx 22\mathrm{h}$ sequence of spacecraft images of the horizontal velocity field of solar photosphere. A set of 29 persistent objective vortices with lifetimes varying from 28.5 to 298.3 min are detected by computing the Lagrangian averaged vorticity deviation. The unstable manifold of the Lagrangian chaotic saddles computed for $\approx 11\mathrm{h}$ exhibits twisted folding motions indicative of recurring vortices in a magnetic mixed-polarity region. We show that the persistent objective vortices are formed in the gap regions of Lagrangian chaotic saddles at supergranular junctions.

中文翻译：

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太阳等离子体中的拉格朗日混沌鞍和客观涡旋

我们报告了等离子体中的拉格朗日混沌鞍的观察证据，由有限时间不稳定和稳定流形的交点给出，使用 $\approx 22\mathrm{H}$太阳光球水平速度场的航天器图像序列。通过计算拉格朗日平均涡度偏差，可以检测到29个持久性客观涡旋，其寿命在28.5到298.3分钟之间变化。拉格朗日混沌鞍的不稳定流形计算为$\approx 11\mathrm{H}$表现出扭曲的折叠运动，表明在磁性混合极性区域中反复出现涡旋。我们表明，持久的客观涡流形成在拉格朗日混沌马鞍的超颗粒交界处的间隙区域。