Abstract The quantification of the interactions between biomolecules and materials interfaces is crucial for design and synthesis functional hybrid bionanomaterials for materials science, nanotechnology, biosensor, biomedicine, tissue engineering, and other applications. Atomic force spectroscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) provides a direct way for measuring the binding and unbinding forces between various biomolecules (such as DNA, protein, peptide, antibody, antigen, and others) and different materials interfaces. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the advance of SMFS technique for studying the interactions between biomolecules and materials interfaces. To achieve this aim, firstly we introduce the methods for the functionalization of AFM tip and the preparation of functional materials interfaces, as well as typical operation modes of SMFS including dynamic force spectroscopy, force mapping, and force clamping. Then, typical cases of SMFS for studying the interactions of various biomolecules with materials interfaces are presented in detail. In addition, potential applications of the SMFS-based determination of the biomolecule-materials interactions for biosensors, DNA based mis-match, and calculation of binding free energies are also demonstrated and discussed. We believe this work will provide preliminary but important information for readers to understand the principles of SMFS experiments, and at the same time, inspire the utilization of SMFS technique for studying the intermolecular, intramolecular, and molecule-material interactions, which will be valuable to promote the reasonable design of biomolecule-based hybrid nanomaterials.

中文翻译：

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单分子力谱：一种用于研究生物分子和材料界面之间相互作用的简便技术

摘要 生物分子和材料界面之间相互作用的量化对于设计和合成用于材料科学、纳米技术、生物传感器、生物医学、组织工程和其他应用的功能性混合生物纳米材料至关重要。基于原子力谱 (AFM) 的单分子力谱 (SMFS) 为测量各种生物分子（如 DNA、蛋白质、肽、抗体、抗原等）与不同材料界面之间的结合力和解离力提供了一种直接的方法. 因此，在这篇综述中，我们总结了 SMFS 技术在研究生物分子和材料界面之间的相互作用方面的进展。为了实现这一目标，我们首先介绍了 AFM 针尖功能化和功能材料界面的制备方法，以及 SMFS 的典型操作模式，包括动态力谱、力映射和力夹紧。然后，详细介绍了 SMFS 用于研究各种生物分子与材料界面相互作用的典型案例。此外，还演示和讨论了基于 SMFS 的生物分子-材料相互作用的生物传感器测定、基于 DNA 的错配和结合自由能计算的潜在应用。我们相信这项工作将为读者了解SMFS实验原理提供初步但重要的信息，同时启发SMFS技术在分子间、分子内和分子-材料相互作用研究中的应用。促进基于生物分子的杂化纳米材料的合理设计。