Strategic tillage describes the occasional use of tillage in an otherwise no-till system. The practice can provide a pragmatic solution to emerging agronomic issues in no-till systems but raises concerns about prolonged or irreversible soil damage. We investigated the impact of a single tillage event at a long-term no-till experiment under treatments with retained or annually autumn-burned crop residues. One half of each residue-treatment plot received a single pass of a rotary hoe (ST) 4 weeks before sowing in 2011, the first year of the experiment; the other half of each plot remained unchanged (NT). Soil physical, chemical and biological fertility in the surface layers (0–20 cm), as well as crop growth and yield were monitored for 5 years (2011–15). Following the ST treatment, soil bulk density and strength were initially reduced to the depth of cultivation (~15 cm) irrespective of residue treatment. Water-stable macroaggregates in the surface 0–5 cm were also reduced but recovered to pre-tillage levels within 1–2 years after ST treatment. Soil pH, total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and fine-fraction C and N were all initially stratified in the surface layer (0–5 cm) of the NT treatment but were redistributed more evenly throughout the 0–10 cm layer of the ST treatment and remained so throughout the 5-year period. With ST, there was an initial loss in total C stocks in the 0–10 cm layer of 2.2 t/ha, which recovered within 2 years; however, total C stocks remained lower in plots with stubble retained than with stubble burnt after 5 years. Soil Colwell P levels were not stratified and not influenced by tillage treatment, presumably because of the annual additions in the starter fertiliser at sowing. ST had no impact on crop establishment or grain yield in any year but increased the early biomass of wheat at Z30 compared with NT in the first 2 years. Annual stubble retention reduced the early growth of crops in all years, and yield of wheat in the first 3 years, consistent with long-term effects of retained stubble at the site, but there was no interaction between stubble retention and tillage treatments on soil conditions or crop growth. Crop yields of long-term, annually cultivated treatments were also similar to those of ST and NT treatments during the 5 years of the experiment. Overall, the minor short-term negative impacts on soil physical conditions, the persistent and arguably beneficial effects on soil chemistry and biology, and absence of impacts on crop production suggest that strategic tillage can be a valuable agronomic tool in sustainable production in this region.

战略耕作描述了在不耕作的系统中偶尔使用耕作的情况。这种做法可以为免耕系统中出现的农学问题提供务实的解决方案，但引起人们对长期或不可逆转的土壤破坏的担忧。我们在保留或每年秋季燃烧的农作物残留物的处理下，在长期免耕试验中调查了一次耕作事件的影响。在2011年（实验的第一年）播种之前的4周，每个残渣处理区的一半接受了单轮旋转（ST）的处理；每个地块的另一半保持不变（新台币）。监测了表层（0–20 cm）的土壤物理，化学和生物肥力以及作物的生长和产量（2011–15年）。经过ST治疗 不管是否进行残留处理，土壤容重和强度最初都会降低到耕种深度（〜15 cm）。ST处理后1至2年内，0–5 cm处水稳定的大团聚体也减少了，但恢复到耕作前的水平。土壤pH，总碳（C），总氮（N）以及细级碳和氮都最初在NT处理的表层（0-5 cm）分层，但在0-10的整个过程中分布更均匀厘米的ST治疗层，并在整个5年期间保持不变。使用ST，0-10 cm层的总碳储量最初损失为2.2 t / ha，并在2年内恢复；但是，留有残茬的地块中的总碳储量仍低于5年后燃烧的残茬。土壤Colwell P含量没有分层，也不受耕种处理的影响，这可能是由于播种时每年添加起始肥的原因。在任何一年中，ST对作物生长或谷物产量均无影响，但与前两年的NT相比，Z30小麦的早期生物量增加。每年的留茬减少了所有年份作物的早期生长，并在前三年降低了小麦的产量，这与该地点留茬的长期影响相一致，但留茬和耕作处理对土壤条件之间没有相互作用或农作物生长。在试验的5年中，长期每年种植的处理的作物产量也与ST和NT处理的相似。总体而言，短期对土壤物理状况的负面影响，