The Chinese cordyceps is a unique and valuable parasitic complex of Thitarodes/Hepialus ghost moths and the Ophiocordyceps sinensis fungus for medicine and health foods from the Tibetan Plateau. During artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps, the induction of blastospores into hyphae is a prerequisite for mummification of the infected Thitarodes larvae. To explore the microbial involvement in the induction of mycelia-blastospore transition, the microbiota of the hemolymph and gut from Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae with or without injected O. sinensis blastospores were investigated by culture-dependent and -independent methods. Twenty-five culturable bacterial species and 14 fungal species, together with 537 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 218 fungal OTUs, were identified from the hemolymph and gut of samples from five stages including living larvae without injected fungi (A) or with high blastospore load (B), mummifying larvae without mycelia coating (C), freshly mummifying larvae coated with mycelia (D), and completely mummified larvae with mycelia (E). Two culturable bacterial species (Serratia plymuthica, Serratia proteamaculans), and 47 bacterial and 15 fungal OTUs were considered as shared species. The uninfected larval hemolymph contained 13 culturable bacterial species but no fungal species, together with 164 bacterial and 73 fungal OTUs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to detect large bacterial communities from the hemolymph of healthy insect larvae. When the living larvae contained high blastospore load, the culturable bacterial community was sharply inhibited in the hemolymph but the bacterial and fungal community greatly increased in the gut. In general, high blastospore load increased bacterial diversity but sharply decreased fungal diversity in the hemolymph and gut by OTUs. The bacterial loads of four culturable species (Chryseobacterium sp., Pseudomonas fragi, S. plymuthica, S. proteamaculans) increased significantly and O. sinensis and Pseudomonas spp. became dominant microbes, when the infected larvae became mummified, indicating their possible involvement in the larval mummification process. The discovery of many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in the hemolymph of the healthy larvae, the larval microbial diversity influenced by O. sinensis challenge and the involvement of dominant bacteria during larval mummification process provide new insight into the infection and mummification mechanisms of O. sinensis in its Thitarodes hosts.

冬虫夏草是一种独特而有价值的寄生虫 噻菌灵/螺旋藻 鬼蛾和 中华青藏高原的药用和保健食品用木耳。在人工种植冬虫夏草过程中，将芽孢孢子诱导成菌丝是将感染者木乃伊化的先决条件噻菌灵幼虫。探讨微生物参与菌丝体-芽孢杆菌过渡，血淋巴和肠道菌群的微生物小金龟 幼虫注射或不注射 中华稻通过培养依赖性和非依赖性方法研究了芽孢。从五个阶段的血淋巴和肠道中鉴定出25种可培养细菌物种和14种真菌物种，以及537种细菌操作分类单位（OTU）和218种真菌OTU，包括未注射真菌（A）或高剂量的活幼虫胚芽孢子负荷（B），将没有菌丝体涂层的幼虫木乃伊（C），将刚被菌丝体包裹的幼虫木乃伊（D），以及将菌丝体完全木乃伊（E）。两种可培养细菌Serratia plymuthica，Serratia proteamaculans），并且47个细菌和15个真菌OTU被认为是共有物种。未感染的幼虫血淋巴包含13种可培养细菌，但无真菌，以及164种细菌和73种真菌OTU。据我们所知，这是第一项从健康昆虫幼虫的血淋巴中检测出大型细菌群落的研究。当活幼虫具有较高的芽孢杆菌负荷时，可培养的细菌群落在血淋巴中被急剧抑制，而肠道中的细菌和真菌群落则大大增加。通常，高芽孢杆菌载量增加了细菌的多样性，但是通过OTU大大降低了血淋巴和肠道中的真菌多样性。四个可培养物种的细菌载量金细菌 sp。， 脆弱假单胞菌， S. plymuthica，S。proteamaculans）显着增加， Ø。 中华 和 假单胞菌spp。当被感染的幼虫被木乃伊化时，它们成为优势微生物，这表明它们可能参与了幼虫的木乃伊化过程。在健康幼虫的血淋巴中发现许多机会致病菌，幼虫的微生物多样性受到中华稻 挑战和幼虫木乃伊化过程中优势细菌的参与提供了新的见解，以了解其感染和木乃伊化机制 中华稻 在其 噻菌灵 主机。