The occurrence of neuroactive chemicals in the aquatic environment is on the rise and poses a potential threat to aquatic biota of currently unpredictable outcome. In particular, subtle changes caused by these chemicals to an organism's sensation or behavior are difficult to tackle with current test systems that focus on rodents or with in vitro test systems that omit whole‐animal responses. In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a popular model organism for toxicological studies and testing strategies, such as the standardized use of zebrafish early life stages in the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development's guideline 236. In terms of neurotoxicity, the zebrafish provides a powerful model to investigate changes to the nervous system from several different angles, offering the ability to tackle the mechanisms of action of chemicals in detail. The mechanistic understanding gained through the analysis of this model species provides a good basic knowledge of how neuroactive chemicals might interact with a teleost nervous system. Such information can help infer potential effects occurring to other species exposed to neuroactive chemicals in their aquatic environment and predicting potential risks of a chemical for the aquatic ecosystem. In the present article, we highlight approaches ranging from behavioral to structural, functional, and molecular analysis of the larval zebrafish nervous system, providing a holistic view of potential neurotoxic outcomes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:989–1006. © 2020 SETAC

中文翻译：

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在斑马鱼模型中测试环境污染物神经毒性的方法：从行为到分子机制

水生环境中神经活性化学物质的出现正在增加，并对目前不可预测的水生生物群构成潜在威胁。特别是，这些化学物质对生物体的感觉或行为造成的细微变化，很难用目前专注于啮齿动物的测试系统或忽略整个动物反应的体外测试系统来解决。近年来，斑马鱼（Danio rerio) 已成为毒理学研究和测试策略的流行模式生物，例如经济合作与发展组织指南 236 中斑马鱼早期生命阶段的标准化使用。 在神经毒性方面，斑马鱼提供了一个强大的模型来研究从几个不同的角度改变神经系统，提供详细处理化学物质作用机制的能力。通过对该模型物种的分析获得的机械理解为神经活性化学物质如何与硬骨鱼神经系统相互作用提供了良好的基础知识。这些信息可以帮助推断其他物种在其水生环境中暴露于神经活性化学物质的潜在影响，并预测化学物质对水生生态系统的潜在风险。环境毒理学化学2021；40：989-1006。© 2020 SETAC