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Nootkatone improves anxiety‐ and depression‐like behavior by targeting hyperammonemia‐induced oxidative stress in D‐galactosamine model of liver injury
Environmental Toxicology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 , DOI: 10.1002/tox.23073
Tingxu Yan 1 , Fuyuan Li 2 , Weilin Xiong 2 , Bo Wu 1 , Feng Xiao 1 , Bosai He 1 , Ying Jia 1
Affiliation  

Acute or chronic liver injury is closely related to hyperammonemia, which will result in oxidative stress and damage to nerve cells, and these factors are vital to the development of anxiety and depression. In this study, the effect of Nootkatone (NKT) on the anxiety- and depression-like behavioral changes in mice induced by liver injury was investigated. Liver injury was induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN; 350 mg/kg) three times a week for 4 weeks. NKT (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) was given as co-treatment daily for 4 weeks. NKT (5 mg/kg) co-treatment remarkably ameliorates D-GalN-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as evident from the results of sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and novelty suppressed feeding test. Results showed that NKT could induce an elevation in serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase level, alleviate the oxidative stress induced by hyperammonemia through activating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathways, decrease the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and NOX2 in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, enhance the vitality of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels in serum, liver, and brain, and significantly reduce the generation of malondialdehyde. At the same time, NKT also reduces the level of ammonia in serum and brain and upgrades the activity of glutamine synthetase in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Taken together, the present results suggested that NKT has a significant antidepressant effect through modulation of oxidative stress induced by D-GalN administration.

中文翻译:

Nootkatone 通过靶向 D-半乳糖胺肝损伤模型中高氨血症诱导的氧化应激来改善焦虑和抑郁样行为

急性或慢性肝损伤与高氨血症密切相关,高氨血症会导致氧化应激和神经细胞损伤,这些因素对焦虑和抑郁的发展至关重要。在这项研究中,研究了 Nootkatone (NKT) 对肝损伤诱导的小鼠焦虑和抑郁样行为变化的影响。D-半乳糖胺 (D-GalN; 350 mg/kg) 每周 3 次,共 4 周诱导肝损伤。每天给予 NKT(5 毫克/公斤或 10 毫克/公斤)作为联合治疗,持续 4 周。NKT (5 mg/kg) 联合治疗显着改善了 D-GalN 诱导的焦虑和抑郁样行为,这从蔗糖偏好测试、强迫游泳测试、悬尾测试和新奇抑制喂养测试的结果中可以看出。结果表明,NKT可诱导血清丙氨酸转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶水平升高,通过激活Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1抗氧化途径减轻高氨血症引起的氧化应激,降低海马和前额叶诱导型一氧化氮合酶和NOX2的表达。皮层,增强血清、肝脏和大脑中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽水平的活力,并显着减少丙二醛的产生。同时,NKT还能降低血清和大脑中的氨水平,提升海马和前额叶皮层谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性。总之,目前的结果表明 NKT 通过调节 D-GalN 给药诱导的氧化应激具有显着的抗抑郁作用。通过激活Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1抗氧化通路减轻高氨血症引起的氧化应激,降低海马和前额叶皮层诱导型一氧化氮合酶和NOX2的表达,提高血清中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽水平的活力,肝脏和大脑,并显着减少丙二醛的产生。同时,NKT还能降低血清和大脑中的氨水平,提升海马和前额叶皮层谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性。总之,目前的结果表明 NKT 通过调节 D-GalN 给药诱导的氧化应激具有显着的抗抑郁作用。通过激活Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1抗氧化通路减轻高氨血症引起的氧化应激,降低海马和前额叶皮层诱导型一氧化氮合酶和NOX2的表达,提高血清中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽水平的活力,肝脏和大脑,并显着减少丙二醛的产生。同时,NKT还能降低血清和大脑中的氨水平,提升海马和前额叶皮层谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性。总之,目前的结果表明 NKT 通过调节 D-GalN 给药诱导的氧化应激具有显着的抗抑郁作用。降低海马和前额叶皮层中诱导型一氧化氮合酶和NOX2的表达,增强血清、肝脏和大脑中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽水平的活力,显着减少丙二醛的产生。同时,NKT还能降低血清和大脑中的氨水平,提升海马和前额叶皮层谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性。总之,目前的结果表明 NKT 通过调节 D-GalN 给药诱导的氧化应激具有显着的抗抑郁作用。降低海马和前额叶皮层中诱导型一氧化氮合酶和NOX2的表达,增强血清、肝脏和大脑中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽水平的活力,显着减少丙二醛的产生。同时,NKT还能降低血清和大脑中的氨水平,提升海马和前额叶皮层谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性。总之,目前的结果表明 NKT 通过调节 D-GalN 给药诱导的氧化应激具有显着的抗抑郁作用。同时,NKT还能降低血清和大脑中的氨水平,提升海马和前额叶皮层谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性。总之,目前的结果表明 NKT 通过调节 D-GalN 给药诱导的氧化应激具有显着的抗抑郁作用。同时,NKT还能降低血清和大脑中的氨水平,提升海马和前额叶皮层谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性。总之,目前的结果表明 NKT 通过调节 D-GalN 给药诱导的氧化应激具有显着的抗抑郁作用。
更新日期:2020-12-03
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