Abstract An important coupled ocean-atmospheric system in the mid- and high latitudes involves the Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) and the Southern Ocean (SO), which controls climate in the southernmost third of the world, deep water formation, and ventilation of CO2 from the deep ocean. Most studies have examined its role as a driver of atmospheric CO2 concentrations during glacial terminations, but very few have investigated its influence during the Holocene, i.e. the current interglacial. A fundamental problem, however, is resolving whether the SWW strength increased or declined during the early Holocene (∼11.5–7.5 ka, ka = 1000 cal yr BP) in sectors adjacent to the Drake Passage. Here we assess past changes in SWW influence over the last ∼17,000 years using terrestrial paleoclimate records from southwestern Patagonia (∼52°S). We detect a zonally symmetric Early Holocene Westerly Minimum which diminished wind stress and upwelling on the SO, contributing to a contemporary decline in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and enrichment in the stable carbon isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 (δ13Catm). Our mid-latitude data also indicate a shift to strong SWW influence at ∼7.5 ka which correlates with a sustained increase in atmospheric CO2 and halt in the δ13Catm rise, suggesting enhancement of high-latitude ocean ventilation by an invigorated SWW-SO coupled system.

中文翻译：

---

南部中纬度地区的全新世早期西风极小值

摘要 中高纬度地区一个重要的海洋-大气耦合系统涉及南方西风 (SWW) 和南大洋 (SO)，它们控制着世界最南三分之一的气候、深水形成和 CO2 的通风。来自深海。大多数研究都研究了它在冰川终止期间作为大气 CO2 浓度驱动因素的作用，但很少研究它在全新世（即当前的间冰期）期间的影响。然而，一个基本问题是解决在全新世早期（~11.5-7.5 ka，ka = 1000 cal yr BP）与德雷克海峡相邻的扇区中 SWW 强度是增加还是减少。在这里，我们使用巴塔哥尼亚西南部（~52°S）的陆地古气候记录评估过去~17,000 年来 SWW 影响的过去变化。我们检测到一个纬向对称的全新世早期西风最小值，它减少了 SO 上的风应力和上升流，导致大气 CO2 浓度的当代下降和大气 CO2 稳定碳同位素比 (δ13Catm) 的富集。我们的中纬度数据还表明，在~7.5 ka 处向强烈的 SWW 影响转变，这与大气 CO2 的持续增加和 δ13Catm 上升停止相关，这表明活跃的 SWW-SO 耦合系统增强了高纬度海洋通风。