Phytohormone applications are used to mimic herbivory and can induce plant defences. This study investigated (i) metabolomic changes in leaf tissues of Jacobaea vulgaris and J. aquatica after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) applications and (ii) the effects on a leaf-chewing, a leaf-mining and a piercing-sucking herbivore. MeJA treated leaves showed clearly different metabolomic profiles than control leaves, while the differences in metabolomic profiles between SA treated leaves and control leaves were less clear. More NMR peaks increased than decreased after MeJA treatment while this pattern was reversed after SA treatment. The leaf-chewing (Mamestra brassicae) and the leaf-mining herbivores (Liriomyza trifolii) fed less on MeJA-treated leaves compared to control and SA-treated leaves while they fed equally on the latter two. In J. aquatica but not in J. vulgaris, SA treatment reduced feeding damage by the piercing-sucking herbivore (Frankliniella occidentalis). Based on the herbivory and metabolomic data after phytohormone application, we made speculations as follows: For all three herbivore species, plants with high levels of threonine and citric acid showed less herbivory while plants with high levels of glucose showed more herbivory. Herbivory by thrips was lower on plants with high levels of alanine while it was higher on plants with high levels of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. The plant compounds that related to feeding of piercing-sucking herbivore were further verified with previous independent experiments.

中文翻译：

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茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸的应用导致对植物代谢组和食草动物的对比影响

植物激素应用用于模仿食草动物，并可以诱导植物防御。本研究调查了 (i) 茉莉酸甲酯 (MeJA) 和水杨酸 (SA) 施用后 Jacobaea vulgaris 和 J.aquatica 叶组织的代谢组学变化，以及 (ii) 对叶片咀嚼、采叶和刺穿的影响- 吸食草食动物。MeJA 处理的叶子显示出与对照叶子明显不同的代谢组学特征，而 SA 处理的叶子和对照叶子之间的代谢组学特征的差异不太清楚。MeJA 处理后 NMR 峰增加多于减少，而这种模式在 SA 处理后逆转。与对照和 SA 处理的叶子相比，咀嚼叶 (Mamestra brasicae) 和采叶食草动物 (Liriomyza trifolii) 对 MeJA 处理的叶子的喂养较少，而对后两者的喂养相同。在 J。水生动物，但不是 J. vulgaris，SA 处理减少了刺吸食草动物 (Frankliniella occidentalis) 的摄食伤害。根据应用植物激素后的食草和代谢组学数据，我们做出如下推测：对于所有三种食草动物，苏氨酸和柠檬酸含量高的植物表现出较少的食草性，而葡萄糖含量高的植物表现出更多的食草性。草食性蓟马在丙氨酸含量高的植物上较低，而在 3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸含量较高的植物上则较高。与刺吸食草动物的喂养相关的植物化合物通过之前的独立实验得到了进一步验证。根据应用植物激素后的食草和代谢组学数据，我们做出如下推测：对于所有三种食草动物，苏氨酸和柠檬酸含量高的植物表现出较少的食草性，而葡萄糖含量高的植物表现出更多的食草性。草食性蓟马在丙氨酸含量高的植物上较低，而在 3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸含量较高的植物上则较高。与刺吸食草动物的喂养相关的植物化合物通过之前的独立实验得到了进一步验证。根据应用植物激素后的食草和代谢组学数据，我们做出如下推测：对于所有三种食草动物，苏氨酸和柠檬酸含量高的植物表现出较少的食草性，而葡萄糖含量高的植物表现出更多的食草性。草食性蓟马在丙氨酸含量高的植物上较低，而在 3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸含量较高的植物上则较高。与刺吸食草动物的喂养相关的植物化合物通过之前的独立实验得到了进一步验证。草食性蓟马在丙氨酸含量高的植物上较低，而在 3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸含量较高的植物上则较高。与采食刺吸食草动物有关的植物化合物通过之前的独立实验得到进一步验证。草食性蓟马在丙氨酸含量高的植物上较低，而在 3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸含量较高的植物上则较高。与刺吸食草动物的喂养相关的植物化合物通过之前的独立实验得到了进一步验证。