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Pululahua dome complex, Ecuador: Eruptive history, total magma output and potential hazards
Journal of South American Earth Sciences ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103046
S. Daniel Andrade , Anais Vásconez Müller , Francisco J. Vasconez , Bernardo Beate , Jorge Aguilar , Santiago Santamaría

Abstract Pululahua is a potentially active dome complex located 15 km north of Quito. It is composed of sixteen dacitic-andesitic lava domes located inside and around a semi-rectangular depression. We divide its eruptive history into: (1) a first member characterized by effusive lava dome growth and collapse (Units I and II, >18–12 ka), (2) a second member consisting of at least four explosive eruptive phases (VEI ∼4), responsible for the formation of a caldera-like depression (Unit III, 2.6–2.3 ka cal BP), and (3) a final member encompassing partially explosive dome growth inside the depression (Unit IV, 2.2 ka cal BP). Rock samples show no significant geochemical changes over time, except for a slight decrease in SiO2 and a minor increase in MgO and Fe2O3 towards younger magmas. In addition, based on field measurements, a total minimum bulk volume of all domes and pyroclastic deposits is estimated at ∼5.75 ± 0.14 km³, yielding a dense rock equivalent of ∼4.24 ± 0.1 km³ and a total erupted magma mass of 10.58 ± 0.16 E+12 kg. Finally, we put forward three future hazard scenarios that could affect the population in the proximal area (>70 k people): (1) an unrest period involving increased seismic events, volcanic gas emissions and potentially small phreatic explosions, (2) the effusive and/or slightly explosive growth and destruction of lava domes accompanied by block-and-ash flows and tephra fall, and (3) large explosive events (VEI ∼4) that generate regional tephra fall and massive pyroclastic density currents.

中文翻译:

厄瓜多尔普鲁拉瓦圆顶建筑群:喷发历史、岩浆总产量和潜在危害

摘要 Pululahua 是一个潜在活跃的圆顶建筑群,位于基多以北 15 公里处。它由位于半矩形凹陷内部和周围的 16 个英安岩-安山岩熔岩圆顶组成。我们将其喷发历史分为:(1)以喷发熔岩穹顶生长和坍塌为特征的第一个成员(单元 I 和 II,>18-12 ka),(2)第二个成员由至少四个爆炸性喷发阶段(VEI)组成∼4),负责形成类似火山口的洼地(Unit III,2.6-2.3 ka cal BP),以及(3)最终成员在洼地内包含部分爆炸性圆顶生长(Unit IV,2.2 ka cal BP) . 岩石样品显示出随着时间的推移没有显着的地球化学变化,除了 SiO2 略有减少以及 MgO 和 Fe2O3 向较年轻的岩浆略有增加之外。 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 此外,根据现场测量,所有圆顶和火山碎屑沉积物的总最小体积估计为 ~5.75 ± 0.14 km³,产生约 4.24 ± 0.1 km³ 的致密岩石和 10.58 ± 0.16 E+12 kg 的总喷发岩浆质量。最后,我们提出了三种可能影响近端地区人口(> 7 万人)的未来灾害情景:(1) 动荡时期,包括地震事件增加、火山气体排放和潜在的小型潜水爆炸,(2)和/或熔岩穹顶的轻微爆炸性增长和破坏伴随着块状和灰烬流和火山灰坠落,以及(3)产生区域性火山灰坠落和大量火山碎屑密度流的大型爆炸事件(VEI~4)。1 km³,喷发的岩浆总质量为 10.58 ± 0.16 E+12 kg。最后,我们提出了三种可能影响近端地区人口(> 7 万人)的未来灾害情景:(1) 动荡时期,包括地震事件增加、火山气体排放和潜在的小型潜水爆炸,(2)和/或熔岩穹顶的轻微爆炸性增长和破坏伴随着块状和灰烬流和火山灰坠落,以及(3)产生区域性火山灰坠落和大量火山碎屑密度流的大型爆炸事件(VEI~4)。1 km³,喷发的岩浆总质量为 10.58 ± 0.16 E+12 kg。最后,我们提出了三种可能影响近端地区人口(> 7 万人)的未来灾害情景:(1) 动荡时期,包括地震事件增加、火山气体排放和潜在的小型潜水爆炸,(2)和/或熔岩穹顶的轻微爆炸性增长和破坏伴随着块状和灰烬流和火山灰坠落,以及(3)产生区域性火山灰坠落和大量火山碎屑密度流的大型爆炸事件(VEI~4)。
更新日期:2021-03-01
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