Physical exercise has been associated with improved cognition and may even reduce memory deficits after brain injuries. The aims of this work were to: 1) assess whether voluntary physical exercise can reduce the deficits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in two different components of episodic-like memory based on object recognition, temporal order memory (“when”), and object location memory (“where”); and 2) determine whether changes in levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, as well as alterations in hippocampal cytokines, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), may influence the effects exercise has on either or both tasks. The rats were distributed into a sham group, a TBI group that remained sedentary (TBI-sed), and a TBI group that had access to a running wheel for a 25-day period from post-injury day 11 (TBI-exe). The rats were sacrificed after the “where” memory task, at post-injury day 37. Physical exercise restored the “when” and “where” memories, which had been impaired by the TBI, and increased the concentration of BDNF in the hippocampus, but not the prefrontal cortex. Neither TBI nor exercise were found to significantly affect hippocampal cytokines, IGF-1 or VEGF at this time post-injury. BDNF levels showed significant positive correlations with exercise, and with “when” (but not “where”) memory. These results indicate that post-injury physical exercise restores “when” and “where” object recognition memory tasks after TBI, and that increased BDNF seems to be involved in this effect, particularly with regard to “when” memory.

体育锻炼与改善认知有关，甚至可以减少脑损伤后的记忆缺陷。这项工作的目的是：1）评估自愿体育锻炼是否可以减少基于对象识别、时间顺序记忆（“何时”）的情景样记忆的两个不同组成部分中与创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 相关的缺陷，和对象位置内存（“where”）；2）确定海马和前额叶皮层中脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平的变化，以及海马细胞因子、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和血管内皮生长因子的变化（ VEGF），可能会影响运动对其中一项或两项任务的影响。将大鼠分配到假手术组，保持久坐不动的 TBI 组 (TBI-sed)，以及从受伤后第 11 天（TBI-exe）起 25 天内可以使用跑步轮的 TBI 组。在“哪里”记忆任务后，在损伤后第 37 天处死大鼠。体育锻炼恢复了被 TBI 损害的“时间”和“哪里”记忆，并增加了海马中 BDNF 的浓度，但不是前额叶皮层。在受伤后的这个时间，TBI 和运动均未发现显着影响海马细胞因子、IGF-1 或 VEGF。BDNF 水平与运动和“何时”（但不是“在哪里”）记忆显着正相关。这些结果表明，伤后体育锻炼可以恢复 TBI 后的“何时”和“何地”物体识别记忆任务，并且 BDNF 的增加似乎与这种效果有关，尤其是在“何时”记忆方面。