Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyse the reaction of glyco‐conjugation of various biomolecules by transferring the saccharide moieties from an activated nucleotide sugar to nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor. In insects, GTs show diverse temporal and site‐specific expression patterns and thus play significant roles in forming the complex biomolecular structures that are necessary for insect survival, growth and development. Several insects exhibit GT‐mediated detoxification as a key defence strategy against plant allelochemicals and xenobiotic compounds, as well as a mechanism for pesticide cross‐resistance. Also, these enzymes act as crucial effectors and modulators in various developmental processes of insects such as eye development, UV shielding, cuticle formation, epithelial development and other specialized functions. Furthermore, many of the known insect GTs have been shown to play a fundamental role in other physiological processes like body pigmentation, cuticular tanning, chemosensation and stress response. This review provides a detailed overview of the multifaceted functionality of insect GTs and summarizes numerous case studies associated with it.

中文翻译：

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糖基转移酶：昆虫中的多方面酶调节剂

糖基转移酶 (GTs) 通过将糖部分从活化的核苷酸糖转移到亲核糖基受体来催化各种生物分子的糖缀合反应。在昆虫中，GTs 显示出不同的时间和位点特异性表达模式，因此在形成昆虫生存、生长和发育所必需的复杂生物分子结构方面发挥着重要作用。几种昆虫表现出 GT 介导的解毒作用，作为对抗植物化感物质和外源化合物的关键防御策略，以及农药交叉抗性的机制。此外，这些酶在昆虫的各种发育过程中充当重要的效应器和调节剂，例如眼睛发育、紫外线屏蔽、角质层形成、上皮发育和其他特殊功能。此外，许多已知的昆虫 GT 已被证明在其他生理过程中发挥重要作用，如身体色素沉着、角质层晒黑、化学感觉和应激反应。本综述详细概述了昆虫 GT 的多方面功能，并总结了与之相关的众多案例研究。