Acoustic fields are increasingly being used in material handling applications for gentle, noncontact manipulation of particles in fluids. Sonolithography is based on the application of acoustic radiation forces arising from the interference of ultrasonic standing waves to direct airborne particle/droplet accumulation in defined spatial regions. This approach enables reliable and repeatable patterning of materials onto a substrate to provide spatially localized topographical or biochemical cues, structural features, or other functionalities that are relevant to biofabrication and tissue engineering applications. The technique capitalizes on inexpensive, commercially available transducers and electronics. Sonolithography is capable of rapidly patterning micrometer to millimeter scale materials onto a wide variety of substrates over a macroscale (cm²) surface area and can be used for both indirect and direct cell patterning.

中文翻译：

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超声光刻：用于多尺度表面图案化的空中超声微粒和液滴处理

声场正越来越多地用于材料处理应用中，以对流体中的颗粒进行温和的非接触式处理。声波光刻技术是基于声波辐射力的应用，该声辐射力是由超声波驻波的干扰引起的，用于在定义的空间区域中引导空气中的颗粒/液滴聚集。这种方法能够在基板上对材料进行可靠且可重复的构图，以提供与生物制造和组织工程应用相关的空间局部形貌或生化线索，结构特征或其他功能。该技术利用便宜的，可商购的换能器和电子设备。超声光刻技术能够在微米级（cm）上将微米级至毫米级的材料快速图案化到各种基材上²）表面积，可用于间接和直接单元图案化。