Background

Micro-RNAs (miRNAS) are non-coding, small RNAs that have essential roles in different biological processes through silencing genes, they consist of 18–24 nucleotide length RNA molecules. Recently, miRNAs have been viewed as important modulators of viral infections they can function as suppressors of gene expression by targeting cellular or viral RNAs during infection.

Aim of review

We describe the biological roles and effects of miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2 life-cycle and pathogenicity, and we discuss the modulation of the immune system with micro-RNAs which would serve as a new foundation for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.

Key scientific concepts of review

miRNAs are the key players that regulate the expression of the gene in the post-transcriptional phase and have important effects on viral infections, thus are potential targets in the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of viral infections. Besides, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) modulation of immune-pathogenesis responses to viral infection is one of the most-known indirect effects, which leads to suppressing of the interferon (IFN-α/β) signalling cascade or upregulation of the IFN-α/β production another IFN-stimulated gene (ISGs) that inhibit replication of the virus. These virus-mediated alterations in miRNA levels lead to an environment that might either enhance or inhibit virus replication.

中文翻译：

---

微小RNA调节针对SARS CoV-2和其他病毒感染的免疫反应

背景

微小RNA（miRNA）是非编码的小RNA，通过沉默基因在不同的生物过程中起着至关重要的作用，它们由18-24个核苷酸长的RNA分子组成。最近，miRNA被视为病毒感染的重要调节剂，它们可以通过在感染过程中靶向细胞或病毒RNA来充当基因表达的抑制剂。

审查目的

我们描述了miRNA对SARS-CoV-2生命周期和致病性的生物学作用和影响，并讨论了微RNA对免疫系统的调节作用，这将为SARS-CoV-2的治疗奠定新的基础和其他病毒感染。

审查的关键科学概念

miRNA是在转录后阶段调节基因表达并在病毒感染中具有重要作用的关键角色，因此是开发用于治疗病毒感染的新型疗法的潜在目标。此外，微RNA（miRNA）调节对病毒感染的免疫致病反应是最著名的间接效应之一，其导致干扰素（IFN-α/β）信号级联的抑制或IFN-α的上调/β产生另一个抑制病毒复制的IFN刺激基因（ISG）。这些病毒介导的miRNA水平改变会导致环境增强或抑制病毒复制。