In the last two decades, probabilistic approaches to flood risk modeling have emerged, often as an extension of more consolidated methods used in probabilistic seismic risk assessment. Nonetheless, only a few studies deal with best-practice methodologies for flood physical vulnerability assessment, and existing approaches/models often lack appropriate guidance for their selection/rating and use. These concerns underline the need for a rational, integrated and comprehensive compendium of existing flood-related fragility (i.e., the likelihood of various damage states as a function of hazard intensity measure(s)) and vulnerability (i.e., the likelihood of loss levels as a function of hazard intensity measure(s)) models to be used in probabilistic flood risk assessment. To this aim, and following the approach used in the guidelines recently developed by the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) project, this paper proposes a model taxonomy for flood fragility and vulnerability assessment of buildings. A review of state-of-the-art large-scale models for flood vulnerability assessment is first carried out. A discussion on the main factors affecting the reliability of empirical fragility and vulnerability relationships is presented, focusing on data sources, building classification, statistical techniques for data collection/fitting, and damage scales/loss metrics. As a proof of concept, a compendium of existing studies dealing with empirical fragility and vulnerability models for buildings is finally developed and discussed based on the proposed model taxonomy. This type of database can benefit (re)insurance companies interested in flood loss assessment and various decision-makers (e.g., governmental agencies) committed to mitigate flood risk and communicate its level to different stakeholders.

在过去的二十年中，洪水风险建模的概率方法应运而生，通常是对概率地震风险评估中使用的更综合方法的扩展。但是，只有少数研究涉及洪水物理脆弱性评估的最佳实践方法，而现有的方法/模型通常缺乏对其选择/评级和使用的适当指导。这些担忧突出表明，需要对现有的与洪水有关的脆弱性（即，各种破坏状态的可能性作为灾害强度衡量的函数）和脆弱性（即，损失水平作为风险强度度量模型的函数，将用于概率洪水风险评估。为此，并遵循全球地震模型（GEM）项目最近制定的指南中使用的方法，本文提出了用于洪水易碎性和建筑物易损性评估的模型分类法。首先，对洪水脆弱性评估的最新大型模型进行了回顾。讨论了影响经验脆弱性和脆弱性关系可靠性的主要因素，重点是数据源，建筑物分类，用于数据收集/拟合的统计技术以及破坏规模/损失指标。作为概念证明，最后，根据拟议的模型分类法，开发并讨论了有关建筑物的经验脆弱性和脆弱性模型的现有研究的摘要。这种类型的数据库可以使对洪水损失评估感兴趣的（再）保险公司和各种决策者（例如政府机构）致力于减轻洪水风险，并将其水平传达给不同的利益相关者。