Flue gas-to-ash controls on sulfur (S) species of the combustion of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) are pivotal in the achievement of circular and cleaner economies. This experimental study aimed to characterize S transformations in TDS as a function of temperature (600-1000 °C) and blend ratios of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and calcium oxide (CaO) through thermodynamic equilibrium simulations. The conversion ratio of S to flue gas from the mono-combustion of TDS rose by 29.7% between 600 and 1000 °C and was 92.9% at 1000 °C. The increasing sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emission with the high temperature occurred from the decomposition of sulfates. The conversion of S to SO₂ decreased significantly with an increase in SMS from 10 to 50% and enhanced the S distribution in fly ash. Potassium and phosphorous in SMS appeared to play a significant role in the conversion of S. The addition of CaO exhibited a good desulfurization performance, with the S content of ash peaking at 5.2% at 800 °C with 7% CaO. The desulfurization efficiency of CaO highly depended on the temperature and blend ratios. The addition of SMS facilitated the agglomeration to form large particles at 1000 °C and formed more micro pores on their surfaces. Our equilibrium simulations pointed to the important role of CaO-assisted co-combustion versus mono-combustion of TDS in the S retention as well as to the enhanced decomposition of CaSO₄ by SMS. Chlorine had a better affinity toward potassium to promote the release of gaseous KCl which in turn appeared to react with SO₂ in flue gas and formed sulfates through sulfation reaction.

烟道气中灰分对纺织品染色污泥（TDS）燃烧中的硫（S）物质的控制对于实现循环经济和清洁经济至关重要。这项实验研究旨在通过热力学平衡模拟，将TDS中的S转化表征为温度（600-1000°C）以及用过的蘑菇底物（SMS）和氧化钙（CaO）的混合比的函数。TDS的单燃烧使S转化为烟气的S转化率在600至1000°C之间上升了29.7％，在1000°C时为92.9％。随着硫酸盐的分解，二氧化硫（SO ₂）排放随着高温而增加。S到SO ₂的转化随着SMS从10％增至50％，显着降低，并提高了粉煤灰中S的分布。SMS中的钾和磷似乎在S的转化中起重要作用。CaO的添加表现出良好的脱硫性能，在7％CaO的情况下，灰分中的S含量在800°C时达到5.2％的峰值。CaO的脱硫效率高度取决于温度和混合比。SMS的添加有助于团聚在1000°C时形成大颗粒，并在其表面形成更多的微孔。我们的平衡模拟指出，CaO辅助共燃烧与TDS单一燃烧在S保留中的重要作用，以及CaSO ₄分解的增强通过短信。氯对钾具有更好的亲和力，促进了气态氯化钾的释放，而气态氯化钾又与烟道气中的SO ₂反应，并通过硫酸化反应形成硫酸盐。