Combination cancer therapy (e.g., radiochemotherapy) is widely used to enhance the therapeutic effects and prevent the recurrence of cancer. However, the side effects of monotherapy are also amplified when treating cancer with combination therapy. A locally activated drug delivery strategy that can release the payload in a tumor-selective manner is greatly needed to overcome the side effects of combination therapy. Here, we explore the potential of combining boron neutron capture therapy and chemotherapy as a new type of radiochemotherapy. Two-dimensional (2D) boron-10-rich nanosheets (BNNSs) were fabricated as a dual-functional delivery system: targeted boron-10 delivery systems for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and drug delivery vehicles to load doxorubicin for chemotherapy. Irradiated by low-energy thermal neutron, BNNSs can produce high linear energy transfer (LET) particles to kill tumor cells, and the loaded doxorubicin can be released in situ at the same time. This neutron-triggered radiochemotherapy shows noteworthy efficacy in suppressing tumor growth in triple-negative breast cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to combine BNCT with chemotherapy as a new type of radiochemotherapy. We hope this study could inspire additional BNCT-induced combination cancer therapies and provide insight for the further clinical translation of BNCT.

组合癌症疗法（例如，放射化学疗法）被广泛用于增强治疗效果并防止癌症复发。然而，当用联合疗法治疗癌症时，单一疗法的副作用也被放大。为了克服联合疗法的副作用，迫切需要能够以肿瘤选择性的方式释放有效载荷的局部激活的药物递送策略。在这里，我们探索结合硼中子捕获疗法和化学疗法作为一种新型放射化学疗法的潜力。二维（2D）富硼10纳米片（BNNS）被制造为双重功能的递送系统：用于硼中子俘获治疗（BNCT）的靶向硼10递送系统和装载阿霉素用于化疗的药物递送载体。由低能热中子照射，同时就地。这种中子触发的放射化学疗法在抑制三阴性乳腺癌中的肿瘤生长方面显示出显着的功效。据我们所知，这是首次将BNCT与化学疗法相结合作为一种新型放射化学疗法的报告。我们希望这项研究可以启发其他BNCT诱导的联合癌症治疗方法，并为进一步BNCT的临床翻译提供见识。