Abstract—

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are hydrolytic proteins, which cleave fatty acid off the second position (sn-2) of the phospholipid. An increased activity of PLA2 correlates with the course of many different inflammatory processes in the body. For the purpose of diagnosing and predicting pathological processes, systems for detecting the PLA2 activity are being developed. The key component of all test systems is a substrate of lipid or non-lipid nature, the breakdown of which by the enzyme leads to the appearance of analytical signal. Lipids as such do not absorb light in the visible region and do not fluoresce. Therefore, to determine the activity of PLA2, substrates with various labels are developed. Test systems for determination of the PLA2 activity can be divided into three groups, depending on the stage of the enzyme action a signal is formed at: (1) systems based on the detection of hydrolysis products; (2) systems based on the cleavage of fluorescently labeled substrates, and (3) systems based on the detection of membrane disintegration. Each of these groups has its own requirements for the structure of the substrate. This review is focused on the structure of PLA2 substrates used in systems to determine the enzyme activity; the proposed classification allows one to identify the strengths and weaknesses of existing detection systems and will be relevant when designing new test systems.

中文翻译：

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磷脂酶A2。活动监控方法

摘要—

磷脂酶A2（PLA2）是一种水解蛋白，可将脂肪酸从第二个位置上切下（sn-2）的磷脂。PLA2的活性增加与体内许多不同的炎症过程有关。为了诊断和预测病理过程，正在开发用于检测PLA2活性的系统。所有测试系统的关键组成部分都是脂质或非脂质性质的底物，其被酶分解导致出现分析信号。这样的脂质在可见光区域不吸收光并且不发荧光。因此，为了确定PLA2的活性，开发了具有各种标记的底物。用于确定PLA2活性的测试系统可以分为三类，具体取决于酶在信号作用阶段所形成的信号：（1）基于水解产物检测的系统；（2）基于荧光标记底物裂解的系统，以及（3）基于膜崩解检测的系统。这些组中的每一个对衬底的结构都有其自己的要求。这篇综述着重于用于确定酶活性的系统中使用的PLA2底物的结构。提议的分类方法可以识别现有检测系统的优缺点，并且在设计新的测试系统时将是相关的。