Our province recently experienced an outbreak of neonatal rotavirus-associated leukoencephalopathy. This study aimed to verify whether rotavirus-associated leukoencephalopathy constituted fifth-day fits, which prevailed in Europe and Australia between the 1970s and mid-1980s. Of 118 full-term neonates who were admitted between 2008 and 2017 due to seizures, those who fulfilled the following criteria for fifth-day fits were included: healthy full-term neonates prior to seizures; absence of perinatal asphyxia; seizure onset during 4-6 days of age; and no known cause of neonatal seizures. Overall, 54 patients (45.8%) met the criteria for fifth-day fits. Of them, 44 patients (81.5%) also had rotavirus-associated leukoencephalopathy. The mean annual incidence of fifth-day fits was 5.4 cases, which peaked in 2012-2013 (13 cases) and became zero in 2017. Fifth-day fits with rotavirus-associated leukoencephalopathy accounted for 37.2% of neonatal seizures, which peaked at 70.6% in 2012, and gradually reduced to zero in 2017. Concordance of clinical features between rotavirus-associated leukoencephalopathy and fifth-day fits and their epidemic-like features suggest that rotavirus-associated leukoencephalopathy is one of the main causes of fifth-day fits.

我省近期发生了新生儿轮状病毒相关白质脑病疫情。本研究旨在验证轮状病毒相关的白质脑病是否构成第五天发作，这种发作在 1970 年代至 1980 年代中期在欧洲和澳大利亚盛行。在 2008 年至 2017 年间因癫痫发作入院的 118 名足月新生儿中，包括满足以下五天适应标准的婴儿：癫痫发作前健康的足月新生儿；没有围产期窒息；在 4-6 日龄期间癫痫发作；并且没有已知的新生儿惊厥原因。总体而言，54 名患者 (45.8%) 符合第五天拟合的标准。其中，44 名患者 (81.5%) 还患有轮状病毒相关的白质脑病。第五天发作的平均年发生率为 5.4 例，在 2012-2013 年达到峰值（13 例），并在 2017 年变为零。