Cryptochrome (CRY) is a blue light receptor that is widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. CRY as a coding gene of cryptochrome that regulates the organism gene expression and plays an important role in organism growth and development. In this study, we identified four photolyase/cryptochrome (PHR/CRY) members from the genome of Ginkgo biloba. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the Ginkgo PHR/CRY family members were closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. We isolated a cryptochrome gene, GbCRY1, from G. biloba and analyzed its structure and function. GbCRY1 shared high similarity with AtCRY1 from A. thaliana. GbCRY1 expression level was higher in stems and leaves and lower in roots, male strobili, female strobili. GbCRY1 expression level fluctuated periodically within 24 h, gradually increased in the dark, and decreased under blue light. The newly germinated ginkgo seedlings were cultured under dark, white light, and blue light conditions. The blue light normally induced photomorphogenesis of ginkgo seedlings, which included hypocotyl elongation inhibition, leaf expansion inhibition, and chlorophyll formation. Treating dark-adapted ginkgo leaves with blue light could induce stomatal opening. At the same time, blue light reduced the expression level of GbCRY1 in the process of inducing photomorphogenesis and stoma opening. Our results provide evidence that GbCRY1 expression is affected by space, circadian cycle and light, and also proves that GbCRY1 is related to ginkgo circadian clock, photomorphogenesis and stoma opening process.

中文翻译：

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银杏叶新型隐花色素基因（GbCRY1）的功能分析

隐花色素（CRY）是一种广泛分布于动物、植物和微生物中的蓝光受体。CRY作为隐花色素的编码基因，调控生物体基因表达，在生物体生长发育中发挥重要作用。在这项研究中，我们从银杏的基因组中鉴定了四个光解酶/隐色素 (PHR/CRY) 成员。系统进化树分析表明，Ginkgo PHR/CRY 家族成员与拟南芥和茄属植物的亲缘关系密切。我们从 G. biloba 中分离出一个隐花色素基因 GbCRY1 并分析了其结构和功能。GbCRY1 与来自拟南芥的 AtCRY1 具有高度相似性。GbCRY1的表达水平在茎和叶中较高，在根、雄花、雌花中较低。GbCRY1 表达水平在 24 h 内周期性波动，在黑暗中逐渐增加，在蓝光下逐渐减少。将新发芽的银杏幼苗分别在暗光、白光和蓝光条件下培养。蓝光通常会诱导银杏幼苗的光形态发生，包括下胚轴伸长抑制、叶片扩张抑制和叶绿素形成。用蓝光处理暗适应的银杏叶可以诱导气孔开放。同时，蓝光在诱导光形态发生和造口打开的过程中降低了GbCRY1的表达水平。我们的研究结果提供了GbCRY1表达受空间、昼夜节律周期和光照影响的证据，也证明了GbCRY1与银杏生物钟、光形态发生和造口开放过程有关。将新发芽的银杏幼苗分别在暗光、白光和蓝光条件下培养。蓝光通常会诱导银杏幼苗的光形态发生，包括下胚轴伸长抑制、叶片扩张抑制和叶绿素形成。用蓝光处理暗适应的银杏叶可以诱导气孔开放。同时，蓝光在诱导光形态发生和造口打开的过程中降低了GbCRY1的表达水平。我们的研究结果提供了GbCRY1表达受空间、昼夜节律周期和光照影响的证据，也证明了GbCRY1与银杏生物钟、光形态发生和造口开放过程有关。将新发芽的银杏幼苗分别在暗光、白光和蓝光条件下培养。蓝光通常会诱导银杏幼苗的光形态发生，包括下胚轴伸长抑制、叶片扩张抑制和叶绿素形成。用蓝光处理暗适应的银杏叶可以诱导气孔开放。同时，蓝光在诱导光形态发生和造口打开的过程中降低了GbCRY1的表达水平。我们的研究结果提供了GbCRY1表达受空间、昼夜节律周期和光照影响的证据，也证明了GbCRY1与银杏生物钟、光形态发生和造口开放过程有关。其中包括下胚轴伸长抑制、叶片扩张抑制和叶绿素形成。用蓝光处理暗适应的银杏叶可以诱导气孔开放。同时，蓝光在诱导光形态发生和造口打开的过程中降低了GbCRY1的表达水平。我们的研究结果提供了GbCRY1表达受空间、昼夜节律周期和光照影响的证据，也证明了GbCRY1与银杏生物钟、光形态发生和造口开放过程有关。其中包括下胚轴伸长抑制、叶片扩张抑制和叶绿素形成。用蓝光处理暗适应的银杏叶可以诱导气孔开放。同时，蓝光在诱导光形态发生和造口打开的过程中降低了GbCRY1的表达水平。我们的研究结果提供了GbCRY1表达受空间、昼夜节律周期和光照影响的证据，也证明了GbCRY1与银杏生物钟、光形态发生和造口开放过程有关。