Many non-human primate species in sub-Saharan Africa are infected with Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue , the bacterium causing yaws in humans. In humans, yaws is often characterized by lesions of the extremities and face, while T. pallidum subsp. pallidum causes venereal syphilis and is typically characterized by primary lesions on the genital, anal or oral mucosae. It remains unclear whether other T. pallidum subspecies found in humans also occur in non-human primates and how the genomic diversity of non-human primate T. pallidum subsp. pertenue lineages is distributed across hosts and space. We observed orofacial and genital lesions in sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire and collected swabs and biopsies from symptomatic animals. We also collected non-human primate bones from 8 species in Taï National Park and 16 species from 11 other sites across sub-Saharan Africa. Samples were screened for T. pallidum DNA using polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and we used in-solution hybridization capture to sequence T. pallidum genomes. We generated three nearly complete T. pallidum genomes from biopsies and swabs and detected treponemal DNA in bones of six non-human primate species in five countries, allowing us to reconstruct three partial genomes. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that both orofacial and genital lesions in sooty mangabeys from Taï National Park were caused by T. pallidum subsp. pertenue . We showed that T. pallidum subsp. pertenue has infected non-human primates in Taï National Park for at least 28 years and has been present in two non-human primate species that had not been described as T. pallidum subsp. pertenue hosts in this ecosystem, western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and western red colobus (Piliocolobus badius), complementing clinical evidence that started accumulating in Taï National Park in 2014. More broadly, simian T. pallidum subsp. pertenue strains did not form monophyletic clades based on host species or the symptoms caused, but rather clustered based on geography. Geographical clustering of T. pallidum subsp. pertenue genomes might be compatible with cross-species transmission of T. pallidum subsp. pertenue within ecosystems or environmental exposure, leading to the acquisition of closely related strains. Finally, we found no evidence for mutations that confer antimicrobial resistance.

中文翻译：

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非人类灵长类动物感染梅毒螺旋体亚种的地理结构基因组多样性。保留

撒哈拉以南非洲的许多非人类灵长类动物都感染了梅毒螺旋体亚种。pertenue，导致人类雅司病的细菌。在人类中，雅司病通常以四肢和面部病变为特征，而梅毒螺旋体亚种。苍白球会导致性病梅毒，其典型特征是生殖器、肛门或口腔粘膜的原发病变。目前尚不清楚在人类中发现的其他梅毒螺旋体亚种是否也出现在非人类灵长类动物中，以及非人类灵长类动物梅毒螺旋体亚种的基因组多样性如何。保留 谱系分布在主机和空间中。我们在科特迪瓦的塔伊国家公园观察了黑白头猴( Cercocebus atys ) 的口面部和生殖器病变，并收集了有症状动物的拭子和活检组织。我们还从塔伊国家公园的 8 个物种和撒哈拉以南非洲其他 11 个地点的 16 个物种中收集了非人类灵长类动物骨骼。使用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)筛选样本中的梅毒螺旋体DNA，我们使用溶液中杂交捕获对梅毒螺旋体基因组进行测序。我们生成了三个几乎完整的梅毒螺旋体 来自活检和拭子的基因组，并在五个国家的六个非人类灵长类动物的骨骼中检测到螺旋体 DNA，使我们能够重建三个部分基因组。系统基因组学分析表明，来自泰伊国家公园的黑白眉猴的口面部和生殖器病变都是由梅毒白斑亚种引起的。坚持。我们展示了T. pallidum subsp。pertenue已感染 Taï 国家公园的非人类灵长类动物至少 28 年，并且存在于两种未被描述为T. pallidum subsp. 的非人类灵长类动物物种中。这个生态系统中的永久宿主，西部黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes verus ）和西部红疣（Piliocolobus栗褐），补充临床证据表明，始于2014年在大国家公园的积累更广泛地说，猿梅毒螺旋体亚种。Pertenue菌株不形成基于宿主物种或引起的症状的单系进化枝，而是基于地理聚集。梅毒亚种的地理聚类。pertenue基因组可能与T. pallidum subsp. 的跨物种传播兼容。在生态系统或环境暴露中长期存在，导致获得密切相关的菌株。最后，我们没有发现导致抗菌素耐药性的突变的证据。