We present a comprehensive and variational approach to the coupling of electromagnetic field models with circuit‐type models. That coupling relies on integral nonlocal quantities like voltage and current for electric ports, magnetomotive force, and magnetic flux for magnetic ports, and linked currents and fluxes for “tunnels” in the field domain. These quantities are closely linked to nonbounding cycles studied in algebraic topology and they respect electromagnetic power balance laws. We obtain two dual variational formulations, called E‐based and H‐based, which provide a foundation for finite‐element Galerkin discretization.

中文翻译：

---

电磁端口边界条件：拓扑和变化观点

我们为电磁场模型与电路类型模型的耦合提供了一种综合的变型方法。这种耦合依赖于积分的非局部量，例如电端口的电压和电流，磁通量的磁通势和磁通量，以及场域中“隧道”的链接电流和磁通量。这些数量与在代数拓扑中研究的无界循环密切相关，并且它们遵循电磁功率平衡定律。我们获得两种基于E和H的双重变分公式，它们为有限元Galerkin离散化提供了基础。