The evolution of small‐scaled distributed generators and emerging power electronic devices opens up a new arena of power generation, distribution, and consumption. Operationally, the DC microgrid has attracted significant attention as it offers considerable safety benefits, cost‐effectiveness, energy efficiency, and reliability as compared to traditional AC microgrid systems. Looking at the protection aspects, the DC microgrid has some serious issues both for low‐voltage and mid‐voltage DC system. It needs to be focused on bidirectional power flow, non‐zero crossing point, detection and mitigation of grounding faults, high value of fault current, etc., for an adequate solution. In recent times, these issues are considered by various researchers to arrive at a robust and reliable approach toward protecting the DC microgrid. But certain important areas are still out of sight for researchers. In a blend of conventional and modern approaches, there are many hindrances in developing a flexible universal protective scheme. This work focuses on the protection aspects parallel with the challenges and tried to unearth the loopholes which open up a wider area of research to develop a more robust protective architecture. An extensive review has been done systematically and chronologically keeping in mind the DC microgrid architecture, standards, protection hurdles, traditional as well as latest protective measures, and suggested some reliable improvements. In addition, the futuristic possibility to invent a novel comprehensive approach based on the best technology and techniques is presented in a more secure, reliable, and efficient protection system to combat the power system faults, keeping in view the different modes of operation and configuration of the microgrid.

中文翻译：

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配电发电集成直流微电网保护的全面综述：问题，策略和未来方向

小型分布式发电机和新兴电力电子设备的发展开辟了一个新的发电，配电和消费领域。在操作上，与传统的交流微电网系统相比，直流微电网具有可观的安全性，成本效益，能效和可靠性，因此备受关注。从保护方面看，直流微电网对于低压和中压直流系统都存在一些严重的问题。为了找到适当的解决方案，它必须集中于双向潮流，非零交叉点，接地故障的检测和缓解，故障电流的高值等。近年来，各种研究人员认为这些问题可以提供一种可靠且可靠的方法来保护DC微电网。但是某些重要领域对于研究人员而言仍然遥遥无期。在传统和现代方法的融合中，开发灵活的通用保护方案存在许多障碍。这项工作着眼于与挑战并行的保护方面，并试图发掘漏洞，这些漏洞打开了更广泛的研究领域，以开发出更强大的保护架构。系统地和按时间顺序进行了广泛的审查，同时牢记直流微电网的结构，标准，保护障碍，传统的和最新的保护措施，并提出了一些可靠的改进。此外，以更加安全，可靠，