The ever-growing demand for portable devices and electric vehicles are drawing widespread attention to advanced energy storage systems. Over the past few decades, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have vast potential to act as the next-generation of rechargeable power source due to their high theoretical specific energy, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benignity. However, insufficient sulfur utilization, inferior cyclability, and rate capability originating from the intrinsic insulating features of the sulfur and notorious polysulfide shuttle are major obstacles to fulfilling the industrialization of LSBs. In this respect, the introduction of a functional barrier layer coating on a separator has been verified as an effective strategy to overcome the aforementioned intractable problems. In this review, we focus on summarizing the current progress of the modified polyolefin-based separators (known as functional separators), including functional separator facing cathodes and functional separator facing anodes. According to the working mechanism, functional separator facing cathodes are divided into physical adsorption separators, chemical adsorption separators, catalytic conversion separators, and multifunctional separators. Meanwhile, functional separator facing anodes are classified into physical barrier separators, induced lithium growth separators, regulated lithium nucleation separators, and hybrid mechanism separators. Finally, the future perspective coupled with the practical utilization of functional separators in LSBs is proposed.

对便携式设备和电动汽车的不断增长的需求正吸引着人们对先进的储能系统的广泛关注。在过去的几十年中，锂硫电池（LSB）具有很高的理论比能量，成本效益和环境友好性，因此有潜力成为下一代可充电电源。但是，硫的利用率不足，循环能力差，以及源自硫和臭名昭著的多硫化物梭的固有绝缘特性的速率能力是实现LSB工业化的主要障碍。在这方面，已经证实在隔板上引入功能性阻挡层涂层是克服上述棘手问题的有效策略。在这篇评论中 我们专注于总结改性聚烯烃基隔板（称为功能隔板）的最新进展，包括面向阴极的功能隔板和面向阳极的功能隔板。根据工作机理，面向阴极的功能隔板分为物理吸附隔板，化学吸附隔板，催化转化隔板和多功能隔板。同时，面向阳极的功能性隔板分为物理势垒隔板，感应锂生长隔板，调节型锂成核隔板和混合机理隔板。最后，提出了未来的观点，并结合了功能分离器在LSB中的实际应用。包括面向阴极的功能性隔板和面向阳极的功能性隔板。根据工作机理，面向阴极的功能隔板分为物理吸附隔板，化学吸附隔板，催化转化隔板和多功能隔板。同时，面向阳极的功能性隔板分为物理势垒隔板，感应锂生长隔板，调节型锂成核隔板和混合机理隔板。最后，提出了未来的观点，并结合了功能分离器在LSB中的实际应用。包括面向阴极的功能性隔板和面向阳极的功能性隔板。根据工作机理，面向阴极的功能隔板分为物理吸附隔板，化学吸附隔板，催化转化隔板和多功能隔板。同时，面向阳极的功能性隔板分为物理势垒隔板，感应锂生长隔板，调节型锂成核隔板和混合机理隔板。最后，提出了未来的观点，并结合了功能分离器在LSB中的实际应用。催化转化分离器和多功能分离器。同时，面向阳极的功能性隔板分为物理势垒隔板，感应锂生长隔板，调节型锂成核隔板和混合机理隔板。最后，提出了未来的观点，并结合了功能分离器在LSB中的实际应用。催化转化分离器和多功能分离器。同时，面向阳极的功能性隔板分为物理势垒隔板，感应锂生长隔板，调节型锂成核隔板和混合机理隔板。最后，提出了未来的观点，并结合了功能分离器在LSB中的实际应用。