The world’s wetlands are threatened by deforestation, fires, agriculture, mining, overfishing, and human settlement. While policymakers strive for comprehensive technical solutions, sustainable solutions also require the active engagement of the people affected. To mobilize local human action, it is not enough to investigate the facts and figures of the biophysical natural landscape: we also need a better understanding of how local people perceive these changes. In this article, we adopt the concept of livelihood styles to explain the ways in which people construe a perspective of their aquatic environment with which they continuously, and according to a certain pattern, interact to make a living. Our study is based on a mixed-method study with data collected between 2005 and 2015 in the Mahakam Wetlands of Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan). We found five distinct livelihood styles: investors, boatmen, breeders, traditional fishermen, and “indolent” fishermen, that each possess characteristics related to fishing practices, and found significant differences in their perceptions of water quality changes. As such, we demonstrate that perceptions and patterns of practice are interdependently related. Understanding perceptions through a livelihood styles approach provides an opening for policymakers to build with local people and nature towards a sustainable environment, both in Indonesia and beyond.

中文翻译：

---

对变化的看法：采用生活方式的概念，以更包容的方式“与自然共建”

世界湿地受到森林砍伐、火灾、农业、采矿、过度捕捞和人类定居的威胁。在政策制定者努力寻求全面的技术解决方案的同时，可持续的解决方案也需要受影响人群的积极参与。为了动员当地的人类行动，仅仅调查生物物理自然景观的事实和数字是不够的：我们还需要更好地了解当地人如何看待这些变化。在这篇文章中，我们采用生计方式的概念来解释人们如何解释他们对水环境的看法，他们不断地并按照一定的模式互动以谋生。我们的研究基于一项混合方法研究，数据是 2005 年至 2015 年在印度尼西亚婆罗洲（加里曼丹）的 Mahakam 湿地收集的数据。我们发现了五种不同的生计方式：投资者、船夫、养殖者、传统渔民和“懒惰”渔民，每一种都具有与捕鱼实践相关的特征，并且发现他们对水质变化的看法存在显着差异。因此，我们证明了认知和实践模式是相互依赖的。通过生计方式方法了解人们的看法，为政策制定者与当地人民和自然共同建设印度尼西亚及其他地区的可持续环境提供了机会。我们证明了观念和实践模式是相互关联的。通过生计方式方法了解人们的看法，为政策制定者与当地人民和自然共同建设印度尼西亚及其他地区的可持续环境提供了机会。我们证明了观念和实践模式是相互依赖的。通过生计方式方法了解人们的看法，为政策制定者与当地人民和自然共同建设印度尼西亚及其他地区的可持续环境提供了机会。