To fabricate an industrial and highly efficient super-hydrophobic brass surface, annealed H59 brass samples have here been textured by using a 1064 nm wavelength nanosecond fiber laser. The effects of different laser parameters (such as laser fluence, scanning speed, and repetition frequency), on the translation to super-hydrophobic surfaces, have been of special interest to study. As a result of these studies, hydrophobic properties, with larger water contact angles (WCA), were observed to appear faster than for samples that had not been heat-treated (after an evolution time of 4 days). This wettability transition, as well as the evolution of surface texture and nanograins, were caused by thermal annealing treatments, in combination with laser texturing. At first, the H59 brass samples were annealed in a Muffle furnace at temperatures of 350 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C. As a result of these treatments, there were rapid formations of coarse surface morphologies, containing particles of both micro/nano-level dimensions, as well as enlarged distances between the laser-induced grooves. A large number of nanograins were formed on the brass metal surfaces, onto which an increased number of exceedingly small nanoparticles were attached. This combination of fine nanoparticles, with a scattered distribution of nanograins, created a hierarchic Lotus leaf-like morphology containing both micro-and nanostructured material (i.e., micro/nanostructured material). Furthermore, the distances between the nano-clusters and the size of nano-grains were observed, analyzed, and strongly coupled to the wettability transition time. Hence, the formation and evolution of functional groups on the brass surfaces were influenced by the micro/nanostructure formations on the surfaces. As a direct consequence, the surface energies became reduced, which affected the speed of the wettability transition—which became enhanced. The micro/nanostructures on the H59 brass surfaces were analyzed by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The chemical compositions of these surfaces were characterized by using an Energy Dispersive Analysis System (EDS). In addition to the wettability, the surface energy was thereby analyzed with respect to the different surface micro/nanostructures as well as to the roughness characteristics. This study has provided a facile method (with an experimental proof thereof) by which it is possible to construct textured H59 brass surfaces with tunable wetting behaviors. It is also expected that these results will effectively extend the industrial applications of brass material.

中文翻译：

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通过后热退火激光织构化形成超疏水H59黄铜表面

为了制造工业高效的超疏水黄铜表面，此处使用1064 nm波长的纳秒光纤激光器对经过退火的H59黄铜样品进行了纹理处理。研究了不同的激光参数（例如激光注量，扫描速度和重复频率）对转换为超疏水表面的影响。这些研究的结果是，观察到具有较大水接触角（WCA）的疏水性能比未经热处理的样品（经过4天的析出时间）显得更快。这种润湿性转变以及表面纹理和纳米晶粒的演变是由热退火处理结合激光纹理化引起的。首先，将H59黄铜样品在马弗炉中于350°C的温度下退火，600°C和800°C。这些处理的结果是，迅速形成了粗糙的表面形貌，其中既包含微米级尺寸又包含纳米级尺寸的粒子，并且激光诱导的沟槽之间的距离增大。在黄铜金属表面上形成了大量的纳米颗粒，其上附着了数量越来越多的非常小的纳米颗粒。精细的纳米颗粒与分散的纳米颗粒的这种组合产生了包含微结构和纳米结构材料（即微/纳米结构材料）的分层荷叶状形态。此外，观察，分析了纳米团簇之间的距离和纳米晶粒的尺寸，并将其与润湿性转变时间强烈地耦合。因此，黄铜表面官能团的形成和演化受表面微观/纳米结构形成的影响。直接的结果是，表面能降低了，从而影响了润湿性转变的速度，从而提高了润湿性。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）分析了H59黄铜表面的微观/纳米结构。这些表面的化学成分通过使用能量分散分析系统（EDS）进行表征。除了润湿性，还针对不同的表面微观/纳米结构以及粗糙度特性分析了表面能。这项研究提供了一种简便的方法（具有实验证明），通过该方法可以构造具有可调润湿行为的纹理H59黄铜表面。还预期这些结果将有效地扩展黄铜材料的工业应用。