Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has gradually become a global public medical problem, which can be caused by more than 1000 currently available drugs. Unfortunately, the diagnosis and treatment of DILI are limited and imperfect. Exosomes can be secreted by a variety of cells and tissues in the body, rich in cell-type specific proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, which has been widely studied as an important intercellular communication vehicle in liver diseases. Emerging data suggest that circulating exosomes and their cargos can be used as minimally-invasive sources of potential molecular biomarkers for the early detection, monitoring and evaluation of DILI. Exosomes in the urine were also found to contain proteins or RNAs that were indicative of DILI. In addition, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cell or hepatocyte are considered potential therapeutic agents to promote liver regenerative responses, modulate inflammatory response and deduce hepatocytes apoptosis. Based on the current findings, we suggest the potential applications of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutics for DILI.

中文翻译：

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外泌体在药物性肝损伤中的潜在诊断和治疗应用

药物性肝损伤（DILI）已逐渐成为一个全球性的公共医疗问题，目前可用的药物超过 1000 种。不幸的是，DILI 的诊断和治疗是有限的和不完善的。外泌体可以由体内多种细胞和组织分泌，富含细胞类型特异性蛋白质、核酸和脂质，作为肝脏疾病中重要的细胞间通讯载体已被广泛研究。新出现的数据表明，循环外泌体及其货物可作为潜在分子生物标志物的微创来源，用于早期检测、监测和评估 DILI。尿液中的外泌体也被发现含有指示 DILI 的蛋白质或 RNA。此外，来源于间充质干细胞或肝细胞的外泌体被认为是促进肝脏再生反应、调节炎症反应和推断肝细胞凋亡的潜在治疗剂。基于目前的发现，我们建议外泌体作为 DILI 的生物标志物和治疗剂的潜在应用。