Micronutrient deficiencies include shortages of vitamins and minerals. They affect billions of people and are associated with long-range effects on health, learning ability, and huge economic losses. Biofortification of multiple micronutrients can play an important role in combating malnutrition. The challenge, however, is to balance plant growth with nutrient requirements for humans. Here, we summarize the major progress about vitamin biosynthesis and its response to the changing environment. We discuss the interactions among vitamins as well as possible strategies for vitamin biofortification. Finally, we propose to integrate new breeding technologies with metabolic pathway modification to facilitate the biofortification of crops, thereby alleviating the hidden hunger of target populations.

微量营养素缺乏症包括维生素和矿物质的缺乏。它们影响着数十亿人，并且对健康，学习能力和巨大的经济损失具有长期影响。多种微量营养素的生物强化可在对抗营养不良中发挥重要作用。然而，挑战在于如何平衡植物的生长与人类的营养需求。在这里，我们总结了有关维生素生物合成及其对环境变化的响应的主要进展。我们讨论了维生素之间的相互作用以及维生素生物强化的可能策略。最后，我们建议将新的育种技术与代谢途径修饰相结合，以促进作物的生物强化，从而减轻目标人群的隐性饥饿。