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Cultural evolution and prehistoric demography
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ( IF 6.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 , DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0713
Sarah Saxton Strassberg 1 , Nicole Creanza 1
Affiliation  

One prominent feature of human culture is that different populations have different tools, technologies and cultural artefacts, and these unique toolkits can also differ in size and complexity. Over the past few decades, researchers in the fields of prehistoric demography and cultural evolution have addressed a number of questions regarding variation in toolkit size and complexity across prehistoric and modern populations. Several factors have been proposed as possible explanations for this variation: in particular, the mobility of a population, the resources it uses, the volatility of its environment and the number of individuals in the population. Using a variety of methods, including empirical and ethnographic research, computational models and laboratory-based experiments, researchers have found disparate results regarding each hypothesis. These discordant findings have led to debate over the factors that most significantly influence toolkit size and composition. For instance, several computational, empirical and laboratory studies of food-producing populations have found a positive correlation between the number of individuals in a population and toolkit size, whereas similar studies of hunter–gatherer populations have found little evidence of such a link. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature in this field of study and propose corollaries and interdisciplinary approaches with the goal of reconciling dissimilar findings into a more comprehensive view of cultural toolkit variation.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cross-disciplinary approaches to prehistoric demography’.



中文翻译:

文化演变与史前人口学

人类文化的一个显着特征是不同的人群拥有不同的工具、技术和文化制品,而这些独特的工具包的大小和复杂性也可能不同。在过去的几十年里,史前人口统计学和文化进化领域的研究人员已经解决了许多关于史前和现代人口工具箱大小和复杂性变化的问题。已经提出了几个因素作为这种变化的可能解释:特别是人口的流动性、它使用的资源、环境的波动性和人口中的个体数量。使用各种方法,包括经验和民族志研究、计算模型和基于实验室的实验,研究人员发现了关于每个假设的不同结果。这些不一致的发现引发了对最显着影响工具包大小和组成的因素的争论。例如,对粮食生产人口的几项计算、经验和实验室研究发现,人口中的个体数量与工具包大小之间存在正相关,而对狩猎-采集人口的类似研究几乎没有发现这种联系的证据。在本文中,我们对这一研究领域的文献进行了全面回顾,并提出了推论和跨学科方法,目的是将不同的发现与文化工具包变异的更全面的观点相协调。对粮食生产人口的经验和实验室研究发现,人口中的个体数量与工具包大小之间存在正相关,而对狩猎-采集人口的类似研究几乎没有发现这种联系的证据。在本文中,我们对这一研究领域的文献进行了全面回顾,并提出了推论和跨学科方法,目的是将不同的发现与文化工具包变异的更全面的观点相协调。对粮食生产人口的经验和实验室研究发现,人口中的个体数量与工具包大小之间存在正相关,而对狩猎-采集人口的类似研究几乎没有发现这种联系的证据。在本文中,我们对这一研究领域的文献进行了全面回顾,并提出了推论和跨学科方法,目的是将不同的发现与文化工具包变异的更全面的观点相协调。

本文是主题问题“史前人口学的跨学科方法”的一部分。

更新日期:2020-12-01
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