The surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) on defect-laden metal oxides provide catalytic sites to activate H₂ and CO₂ molecules and enable efficient gas-phase CO₂ photocatalysis. Lattice engineering of metal oxides provides a useful strategy to tailor the reactivity of SFLPs. Herein, a one-step solvothermal synthesis is developed that enables isomorphic replacement of Lewis acidic site In³⁺ ions in In₂O₃ by single-site Bi³⁺ ions, thereby enhancing the propensity to activate CO₂ molecules. The so-formed Bi_xIn_2-xO₃ materials prove to be three orders of magnitude more photoactive for the reverse water gas shift reaction than In₂O₃ itself, while also exhibiting notable photoactivity towards methanol production. The increased solar absorption efficiency and efficient charge-separation and transfer of Bi_xIn_2-xO₃ also contribute to the improved photocatalytic performance. These traits exemplify the opportunities that exist for atom-scale engineering in heterogeneous CO₂ photocatalysis, another step towards the vision of the solar CO₂ refinery.

载有缺陷的金属氧化物上的表面受阻路易斯对（SFLP）提供了催化位点，以活化H ₂和CO ₂分子，并使高效的气相CO ₂光催化成为可能。金属氧化物的晶格工程技术提供了一种有用的策略，可调整SFLP的反应性。这里，一步溶剂热合成进行显影，使同构置换路易斯酸性部位在³⁺在在离子₂ ö ₃通过单活性中心的Bi ³⁺离子，从而提高的倾向，以激活CO ₂分子。形成的Bi _x In _2-x O ₃事实证明，这种材料对逆水煤气变换反应的光活性比In ₂ O ₃本身高三个数量级，同时对甲醇生产也表现出显着的光活性。Bi _x In _2-x O ₃的提高的太阳能吸收效率和有效的电荷分离和转移也有助于改善光催化性能。这些特性说明了异质CO ₂光催化中进行原子尺度工程的机会，这是朝着太阳能CO ₂精炼厂迈进的一步。