ABSTRACT

Cognitive reserve enables individuals to preserve their cognition, despite a possible underlying brain pathology. The objective was to verify which components contribute to an indirect measurement of cognitive reserve in older adults, assessed longitudinally within a four-year interval. The sample was comprised of 64 older adults from the community. The following instruments were used: sociodemographic form; Mini-Mental State Examination; subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition; Trail Making Test; Verbal Fluency Test (animal category); Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test; Beck Anxiety Inventory; and the Geriatric Depression Scale 15-item version. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for the data analysis. The sample was predominantly composed of women (81.3%) and the mean age of the sample was 73.19 years (SD = 6.12). With respect to the variables related to cognitive reserve, it was found that anxiety was the predictor variable of more cognitive components: It was found that poorer cognitive performance is associated with anxiety, and this variable is negatively related to cognitive reserve, as well as to the age variable. Engaging in cognitively stimulating activities, education level and living with someone were deemed to be factors that help build cognitive reserve in older adults. Keywords: cognitive reserve; older adults; longitudinal.

摘要

尽管可能存在潜在的脑部病理学，认知储备使个人能够保留他们的认知。目的是验证哪些组件有助于间接测量老年人的认知储备，在四年间隔内进行纵向评估。样本由来自社区的 64 名老年人组成。使用了以下工具：社会人口统计形式；简易精神状态检查；韦克斯勒成人智力量表 - 第三版的子测试；试车测试；语言流利测试（动物类）；Rey 听觉-语言学习测试；贝克焦虑量表；和老年抑郁量表 15 项版本。对数据分析进行多元线性回归分析。样本主要由女性（81.3%）组成，样本的平均年龄为 73.19 岁（SD  = 6.12）。关于与认知储备相关的变量，发现焦虑是更多认知成分的预测变量：发现较差的认知表现与焦虑相关，而该变量与认知储备呈负相关，以及年龄变量。参与认知刺激活动、教育水平和与某人一起生活被认为是有助于建立老年人认知储备的因素。关键词：认知储备；老年人；纵。