ABSTRACT

Introduction

Adjuvants are critical components of vaccines to improve the quality and durability of immune responses. Molecular adjuvants are a specific subclass of adjuvants where ligands of known immune-modulatory receptors are directly fused to an antigen. Co-stimulation of the B cell receptor (BCR) and immune-modulatory receptors through this strategy can augment downstream signaling to improve antibody titers and/or potency, and survival in challenge models.

Areas covered

C3d has been the most extensively studied molecular adjuvant and shown to improve immune responses to a number of antigens. Similarly, tumor necrosis superfamily ligands, such as BAFF and APRIL, as well as CD40, CD180, and immune complex ligands can also improve humoral immunity as molecular adjuvants.

Expert opinion

However, no single strategy has emerged that improves immune outcomes in all contexts. Thus, systematic exploration of molecular adjuvants that target B cell receptors will be required to realize their full potential as next-generation vaccine technologies.

中文翻译：

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分子佐剂靶向B细胞以增强免疫原性

摘要

介绍

佐剂是疫苗的重要组成部分，可提高免疫反应的质量和持久性。分子佐剂是佐剂的特定亚类，其中已知免疫调节受体的配体直接与抗原融合。通过这种策略共同刺激B细胞受体（BCR）和免疫调节受体可以增强下游信号传导，从而改善抗体效价和/或效价以及在挑战模型中的存活率。

覆盖区域

C3d已经成为研究最广泛的分子佐剂，并被证明可以改善对多种抗原的免疫反应。同样，肿瘤坏死超家族配体（例如BAFF和APRIL）以及CD40，CD180和免疫复合物配体也可以提高体液免疫作为分子佐剂。

专家意见

但是，还没有一种能在所有情况下改善免疫结果的单一策略。因此，将需要系统地研究靶向B细胞受体的分子佐剂，以实现其作为下一代疫苗技术的全部潜力。